市场经济的秩序维度及政策选择:关于营商环境和秩序的理论思考

The Order Dimension and Policy Choice of Market Economy:A Theoretical Reflection of Business Environment and Order

秩序是人类文明的重要基础。人类社会传统上都是生活秩序的社会,包括和平生活秩序、以传统为基础的共同体秩序,生活中形成的存在差序结构的社会秩序等。市场秩序是现代社会的重要发明,是现代社会经济持续发展的基础。市场秩序的基本原则是权利、交易和契约。外部性、集体行动理论、公益物品理论和分配正义理论为政府提供了解决公共问题的政策思路,但实践上成功解决公共问题的都是秩序范畴的政策。为了可持续的经济发展,最优的政策选择是完善市场秩序,从秩序维度解决公共问题,从而优化营商环境。优化营商环境、促进经济发展的市场化政策,需要有一个秩序维度的理论思考。

Order is an important foundation of human civilization.Traditionally,human society has always been a society of living order,including the order of peaceful living,the order of a community based on tradition,and the social order formed in life with a differential structure.Market order is an important invention of modern society and the foundation for sustainable economic development in modern society.The basic principles of market order are rights,transactions,and contracts.Externalities,collective action theory,public goods theory,and distributive justice theory provide policy ideas for the government to solve public problems,but in practice,successful solutions to public problems are all policies in the order dimension.The optimal policy choice for sustained economic development is to improve market order,solve public problems from the perspective of order,and thus optimize the business environment.A market-oriented policy that optimizes the business environment and promotes economic development requires theoretical thinking from an order dimension.