基层治理中的“党领合作”:实践类型及其比较分析——基于M市乡村振兴的案例研究

"Party-Led Collaboration"in China's Grass-Roots Governance:Practical Types and Their Comparative Analysis——A Case Study of Rural Vitalization in M City

作为复杂性公共事务治理的创新机制,基层合作治理已经得到广泛关注。为了促成合作治理,中国基层党组织发挥了核心作用。对于党领导下的基层合作治理,现有研究基本在统合治理的视角下从整体层面讨论单一机制或模式。这样的讨论预设了党的全面、全能的统合者角色,忽视了党根据现实情境进行的差异化和恰适性的角色选择及其呈现出的不同合作类型。因此,本文将政党带进合作治理,建构理论分析框架,对中国基层治理中的“党领合作”进行理论解释。基于资源依赖关系与治理制度安排两个条件变量,本文界定了“统合式”“引领式”“协调式”三种“党领合作”类型。进而,通过M市乡村振兴战略实践的比较案例研究,本文发现党会在信任建构、对话沟通、谈判签约等基层合作治理的关键过程中,恰适性的运用全面领导者、桥接组织者、协调监督者等多重角色,并通过“利益耦合”“价值联结”“公平制造”等“利益-价值整合”的核心机制实现功能发挥与有效运作。从合作程度与达成难度的角度看,三种“党领合作”及其共享裁量权程度具有“阶梯性”序列关系。总体而言“党领合作”是对中国情境下基层治理“中观”机制的呈现,为中国全面推进乡村振兴战略及实现高质量发展提供了有益启示,对于促进合作治理理论的本土化发展、拓展党与合作治理关系的研究具有一定意义。

As an innovative mechanism for the governance of complex public affairs,grass-roots collaborative governance has been widely concerned.To achieve collaborative governance,China's grass-roots party organization system plays a core role.For the grass-roots collaborative governance under the leadership of the Party,the existing studies mainly construct a single mechanism model from the perspective of corporatist governance at the overall level,presupposing the Party's role as an all-powerful integrator,ignoring the Party's choice of differentiated and appropriate roles according to the situation and the different types of collaboration.Therefore,the objective of this paper is"bring the Party into collaborative governance",and make a theoretical explanation for the"Party-Led Collaboration"in China's grass-roots governance.Based on the theoretical analytical framework,this paper extracts the two key variables of resource dependence relationship and governance institutional arrangement and classifies the"Party-Led Collaboration"into three types:"integrated type","guiding type"and"coordinated type".Then,a comparative case study of the rural revitalization strategy practice in M City was conducted.The analysis reveals that in the process of grass-roots collaborative governance,the Party will appropriately use the multiple roles of overall leader,bridge organizer and coordination supervisor.And the Party will play the function of the role in the key collaboration process of trust construction,dialogue and communication,negotiation and contracting.The research also finds that the Party realizes its function and effective operation through the core mechanism of"interest-value integration",including"interest coupling","value linking"and"fair manufacturing".From the perspective of collaboration degree and realization difficulty,the three models of"Party-Led Collaboration"and their shared discretion show a"stepped"sequence relationship.Therefore,the"Party-Led Collaboration"is an accurate expression of the Chinese"meso-level"mechanism of grass-roots governance in the Chinese context,which provides useful inspiration for China to comprehensively promote the rural revitalization strategy and achieve high-quality development,and has certain significance for promoting the localization of collaborative governance theory and expanding the research on the relationship between the Party and collaborative governance.