人民检察院法律监督的体系分析

System Analysis of Legal Supervision of People's Procuratorate

法律监督是在当代中国宪法制度和实践中生成的标志性概念。从一般监督理念的确立,到一般监督不被强调直至被取消,再到一般监督理念的回归,具有中国特色的法律监督概念日渐成熟。要系统全面地把握中国法治理论与实践中的法律监督概念,有必要从宪法所构建的监督体系入手,理顺法律监督与宪法上其他监督之间的关系、法律监督与检察权之间的关系,以及法律监督与检察一体、独立行使检察权原则之间的关系。不同于宪法上明示或隐含的其他监督类型,人民检察院法律监督的监督内容只包括合法性,监督手段侧重程序性,监督方式强调与办案相结合。法律监督是检察权的本质属性,检察权指的就是检察机关所行使的法律监督权。宪法同时规定了检察一体原则和独立行使检察权原则,这两者之间存在张力,但都必须朝着有利于开展法律监督的方向发展。

Legal supervision is a landmark concept that has emerged in the contemporary Chinese constitutional system and practice.The concept of legal supervision with Chinese characteristics has gradually matured after undergoing a process from the establishment of the general supervision concept,to the neglect and even cancellation of general supervision,and then to the return of the general supervision concept.To comprehensively grasp the concept of legal supervision in the theory and practice of the rule of law in China,it is necessary to start from the supervision system constructed by the Constitution,clarify the relationship between legal supervision and other forms of supervision in the Constitution,the relationship between legal supervision and prosecutorial power,as well as the relationship between legal supervision and the principles of procuratorial integration and independent exercise of prosecutorial power.Unlike other types of supervision explicitly or implicitly stated in the Constitution,legal supervision by the people's procuratorates covers only legality,focusing on procedural means and emphasizing the combination of supervision methods and case handling.Legal supervision is the essential attribute of prosecutorial power,which refers to the legal supervision power exercised by procuratorial organs.The Constitution stipulates both the principle of procuratorial integration and the principle of the independent exercise of prosecutorial power,and there is tension between the two,but both must develop in a direction that is conducive to carrying out legal supervision.