平台形态演变视域下垄断行为的异化与因应

Variation of and Response to Monopoly Conduct from the Perspective of the Development of Platform Model

将平台视为固定形态导致我国的学术研究难以形成合力,即将开启的平台监管也举步维艰。平台已经从Web1.0形态中的信息存储中介进化为Web2.0形态中的信息交互中介、互联网生态圈形态中的业务聚合中介。平台形态的演变不但改变着平台的定义,也引发了平台垄断行为的扩张与异化,分别是Web2.0形态与互联网生态圈形态对于相关市场界定的扩张,以及生态圈形态中平台与非竞争平台、商家关系的异化。虽然传统反垄断机制在引入平台形态演变的发展观后可以有效处理平台间的垄断行为,但无法应对平台与商家关系的异化,即平台利用市场组织职能强化市场盈利职能的相关行为。为弥补反垄断机制之不足,应当在区分平台类型的基础上设置分类监管,引导和监督大型平台内部规则的制定,禁止超级平台实施自我优待,并在杀性并购中采取举证责任倒置。

Treating platforms as a fixed business model makes it difficult to form a joint force in academic research,and also delays the upcoming platform regulation.Platforms have evolved from informationstorage intermediaries in Web 1.0 to information-exchange intermediaries in Web 2.0,and to businessaggregation intermediaries in Internet Ecosystem.Such an evolution not only changes the definition of platforms,but also causes expansions and variations of monopoly conduct,i.e.the expansions of relevant markets within Web 2.O and Internet Ecosystem,and the variations of the relations between platforms and non-competitors and between platforms and business operators.While the traditional anti-monopoly mechanism still maintains its effectiveness in regulating inter-platform monopoly conduct when integrating an evolutional view on platform models,it reaches its limit in coping with the variations of relations between platforms and business operators,namely the abuse by platforms of their organizing function to strengthen the profit-running function.To bridge the gaps in the anti-monopoly mechanism,it is necessary to adopt categorical regulation based on two platform types,namely to guide and monitor the making of intra-platform rules by big platforms,prohibit super platforms from applying self-preference,and shift the burden of proof to super platforms in cases of predatory acquisitions.