职业教育促进共同富裕的发展指数与贡献测度——基于教育生产函数的测算模型与分析框架

The Development Index and Contribution Measurement for Vocational Education to Promote Common Prosperity——The Measurement Model and the Analysis Framework Based on Education Production Functions

职业教育既是推动社会经济高质量发展的战略性工程,也是促进共同富裕的基础性支撑。职业教育促进共同富裕的底层逻辑在于通过技术教育、技能培训提质人力资本,从而高质量扩容中等收入群体规模以促进共同富裕。为揭开职业教育促进共同富裕的贡献机理,基于客观熵权法测算共同富裕发展指数,并在C—D生产函数基础上修正构建教育生产函数模型,以此测度职业教育促进共同富裕的贡献率。实证研究发现,职业教育对共同富裕具有显著正向促进作用,整体贡献率为11.11%,投入贡献率较为明显;职业教育对共同富裕的贡献存在空间差异,东、中、西地区呈现阶梯型;共同富裕指数与职业教育贡献率之间存在“东高—东低”的区域倒挂现象。区域职业教育需要从扩容提质阶段迈向提质培优阶段,以职业教育的高质量发展促进共同富裕的实现。为增强职业教育促进共同富裕的贡献度,亟待构建职业教育新型融资体系,形塑职业教育促进共同富裕的发展新动能;提升职业教育资源配置效率,强化职业教育促进共同富裕的发展新优势;完善职业教育监督评价机制,创设职业教育促进共同富裕的发展新生态。

Vocational education is not only a strategic project to promote high-quality socio-economic development,but also a basic support for the promotion of common prosperity.The underlying logic for the promotion of common prosperity through vocational education lies in the increase of human capital through technical education and skill training so as to promote common prosperity by expanding middle-income groups at a high-quality level.To reveal the mechanism for the contributions of vocational education in the promotion of common prosperity,this study uses the objective entropy weight method to calculate the development index of common prosperity,and uses the Cobb-Douglas production function to build the education production function model and measure the contribution rate of vocational education in its promotion of common prosperity.Empirical research shows the following:Vocational education significantly and positively promoted common prosperity,with a high overall contribution rate accounting for 11.11%;there were regional differences in the contributions of vocational education in its promotion of common prosperity,with the eastern,central and western regions showing progressively increasing contribution rates;the eastern regions had the highest common prosperity index but the lowest contribution rate of vocational education in the promotion of local common prosperity,whereas the western regions had the lowest common prosperity index but the highest contribution rate of vocational education in the promotion of local common prosperity;and regional vocational education should move from the stage of expansion and improvement to the stage of improvement and excellence in order to promote common prosperity through the high-quality development of vocational education.To enhance the contributions of vocational education in the promotion of common prosperity,we need to speedily build a new financing system for vocational education and create a new momentum toward vocational education to promote common prosperity;raise the efficiency of resource allocation in vocational education and strengthen the new advantages of vocational education in the promotion of common prosperity;and improve the supervision and evaluation mechanism for vocational education,and create a new ecology for the development of vocational education to promote common prosperity.