共生素养辨析及其在中小学场域中的培育

An Analysis of the Competence in Symbiosis and Its Cultivation in Primary and Secondary Schools

共生是指人与自然、人与社会、人与技术、人与文化等主体或要素在特定系统中存在的相互依存、互惠互利和共同发展的关系。中国人古时在与自然界的交互中早将共生视为一种世界观和方法论,并使之成为一种文化基因延续至今,而“symbiosis(共生)”成为西方学术话语并传播开来也不过一百多年。探讨共生的内涵,需要追溯至甲骨文中的“共”与“生”和西方的“共生”词源。借助范畴逻辑对共生的范畴体系进行推演,是促进共生完成现代化蜕变的必由之路。共生素养是指人作为共生主体对人与自然、人与社会、人与技术、人与文化等相互依存的共生属性的认识能力,以及对主体之间互惠互利和共同发展的共生关系的实践能力。中小学生共生素养的培育,需要从设计学生共生素养的培育目标、开发共通融合的共生校本课程、实施师生共同成长的共生教学、构建和谐的学校共生文化场域等四个方面来进行。

Symbiosis refers to the relationship of interdependence,mutual benefit and common development between humans and other subjects or elements in a specific system,such as nature,society,technology,and culture.In their interactions with nature,the ancient Chinese people viewed"symbiosis"as a world outlook and a kind of methodology,and made it a cultural gene continuing to this day,but it became a Western academic discourse and spread to the world simply over a hundred years ago.To probe into the connotations of symbiosis,we need to trace back to"共"(holding or lifting together)and"生"(birth,growth,or life)in Chinese oracle-bone inscriptions,and the Western etymology of"symbiosis."Deducing the category system of symbiosis based on the category-based logic is the inevitable route to the modern transformation of symbiosis.The competence in symbiosis indicates humans'ability to understand the interdependent attributes of symbiosis such as the close relationship between humans and other elements,like nature,society,technology and culture,along with humans'ability to practice the symbiotic relationship of mutual benefit and common development among subjects.To cultivate primary and secondary school students'competence in symbiosis,we need to design a specific goal,develop the integrated school-based curriculum on symbiosis,practice symbiotic teaching for teachers and students to grow together,and build a harmonious cultural field of symbiosis at schools.