事件社会学——从“结构一事件”到“关系一事件”

Eventful Sociology:From Structural-Eventful Analysis to Relational-Eventful Analysis

“事件”是历史学与社会学研究中的关键因素。传统叙事史学对事件的推崇受到20世纪法国年鉴历史学派的检视,尤其是布罗代尔长时段理论的质疑;社会学则以事件为切入点,深挖事件背后的社会机制与运行逻辑,揭示事件与结构的辩证关系。从小威廉·休厄尔的事件性时间性与事件社会学研究出发,本文重点考察社会学与历史学对于事件的分析及其与社会结构的关联,剖析“结构一事件”路径的逻辑与得失,发掘事件社会学理论脉络中暗含的关系思维,在迈向“关系一事件”的路径中重新审视中国社会学的本土化历程,以及历史社会学研究的跨学科旨趣。

“Event”is a critical variable in historical and sociological studies.However,the endorsement of event in history has been questioned by the French Annales School in the 20th century,especially through Braudel's theory of the“longue duree”.In contrast,sociology employs event to explore the underlying social mechanisms in historical episodes,revealing the dialectical relationships between events and structures.This paper draws on William Sewell's classic study of eventful sociology to examine the meaning of event from the perspectives of history and sociology.Moreover,this paper proposes a new analytical framework called“relational-eventful”to understand the relational essence of eventful temporalities in social science research.