大学生创业胜任能力的生成机制

Generation mechanism of college students'entrepreneurial competence

大学生创业胜任能力是推动全社会创新创业质量、应对创业挑战、提升个人职业素养的重要因素。本文以大学生雷某2016年回乡创办桃园的实践为例,探索性地研究了大学生如何在压力下通过有效的资源编排行为促进创业胜任能力的生成机制。研究发现:大学生创业胜任能力的差异主要取决于其所面临的阶段性压力以及资源编排程序的差异,并且遵循“压力驱动—资源编排—胜任能力”的演进逻辑实现创业绩效。进一步地,从本案例的实践结果来看,在不同的创业阶段,大学生创业者将焦虑、紧张转化为求生存、谋发展和布新局的驱动力,通过寻求资源编排来实现阶段性目标,从而发展了创业胜任能力。创业胜任能力的演变过程在理论逻辑上还呈现出“行业一般胜任能力—控制与拓展胜任能力—追赶行业顶尖水平胜任能力”的演进模式。据此,本文在资源编排视角下构建的压力驱动促进创业胜任能力的机制模型,在一定程度上打开了大学生创业胜任能力生成和演化的“黑箱”。本文为创新创业领域拓展了关于大学生胜任能力的考察,在实践上有助于大学生更好地应对创业挑战。

University students'entrepreneurial competence plays a vital role in improving societal innovation,entrepreneurship,and tackling entrepreneurial challenges,while also enhancing personal professional skills.The entrepreneurial abilities of college students have garnered attention recently,mainly due to their general lack of such competencies.This gap significantly impacts the success rates of their entrepreneurial ventures.Yet,the question remains:how do college students develop these competencies?There's a noticeable scarcity of theoretical research addressing this,particularly in the context of China.This study focuses on an agricultural technology enterprise started by undergraduate Lei,examining the development of entrepreneurial competence among college students.It specifically investigates how these students cultivate their entrepreneurial skills through effective resource allocation and management under the challenging conditions of their initial entrepreneurial efforts.Using a longitudinal single-case study approach,this study explored how college students promote the generation and evolution of entrepreneurial competency through effective resource allocation behavior under pressure,using the practical example of undergraduate student Lei's establishment of a peach orchard upon returning to his hometown in 2016.To this end,this study constructed a theoretical analysis framework of"problem/pressure-driven-action/resource allocation program-result/entrepreneurial competence".Specifically,first,pressure-driven,that is,university student entrepreneurs,due to their lack of social experience and entrepreneurial skills,even if they have strong learning ability and knowledge reserves,have to face tremendous entrepreneurial pressure.In this regard,the theoretical framework of this study focused on the difficulties and major characteristics faced by the entrepreneurial team,as well as the evolution of different stages.Second,resource allocation,that is,how university student entrepreneurial teams seek resource allocation under different stage pressures.In this regard,the emphasis is on the introduction and collaboration of external resources,the structured arrangement and promotion of resources,and the optimization and accumulation of internal resources.Third,generation of competence,that is,the promotion of university student entrepreneurial competence through resource allocation.This study found that:First,the difference in entrepreneurial competence among university students depends primarily on the differences in stage-specific pressure and resource allocation programs they face.Second,the development of entrepreneurial competence among university students follows the logical progression of"pressure-driven-resource allocation-competence".Third,from the practical results of this case,university student entrepreneurs transform anxiety and tension into the driving force for survival,development and new deployment at different stages of entrepreneurship,and achieve stage-specific goals through resource allocation,thereby developing entrepreneurial competence.Fourth,the evolution of entrepreneurial competence also demonstrates the progression pattern of"industry-general competence-control and expansion competence-catching up with industry-leading competence"in theoretical logic.This study constructed a mechanism model that promotes entrepreneurial competency under pressure from a resource allocation perspective,which opens the"black box"of how college student entrepreneurial competency is generated and evolved.The findings of this study will not only help to identify the key constraints and ways to overcome them in college student entrepreneurship activities but also enrich the academic contribution of resource allocation in shaping entrepreneurial competency,providing guidance for practical college student entrepreneurship activities.