马克思的文化观及其方法论意涵

Marx's View of Culture and its Methodological Implications

在当代马克思主义的理论发展议题中,文化理论的构建问题首当其冲。马克思并没有提出一个系统完整的文化理论,只是留下一些关于上层建筑、意识形态、社会意识、精神生产、精神交往、文化斗争等问题的论述。尽管马克思没有对“文化”下过明确的定义,但是在其相关的论断中还是可以发现一个文化观的雏形,而且其中所蕴含的社会认识论原则是值得我们去发掘和完善的。面对当代社会变革所发生的“文化转向”及其文化矛盾,需要进一步构建完善的马克思主义文化理论以回应时代的议题,而马克思的文化观为达成这一目标提供了必要的思想基础和方法论原则。

Among the issues on the theoretical development of contemporary Marxism,the construction of cultural theory has been the priority.Marx does not put forward a systematic and complete cultural theory,but leaving some discussions on issues of superstructure,ideology,social consciousness,spiritual production,spiritual communication,cultural struggle and others alike.Although Marx does not give a clear definition of"culture",a rudimentary view of culture can still be found in his relevant statements,and the social epistemological principles implied from them are worthy of our exploration and refinement.Facing the"cultural turn"and its cultural contradictions caused by contemporary social changes,it is necessary to further construct and improve Marxist cultural theory to respond to the issues of the times,and Marx's view of culture provides the necessary ideological foundation and methodology to achieve this goal.