论文化批判理论的范式转换——以文化马克思主义为中心

On the Paradigm Shift of Cultural Critical Theory:Centered on Cultural Marxism

形成于20世纪中叶的文化马克思主义,将文化批判作为对资本主义社会现实的批判,把文化批判从文学文本拓展到了更广泛的现实社会,并体现出范式转换的鲜明特征:以“文化主义”范式开启“整体生活方式”的文化批判;以“结构主义”范式形成“多元决定论”的文化批判;以“结构—文化主义”范式实现“符号化对象”的文化批判。借助对文化马克思主义文化批判范式转换的分析,形成从人类学、社会学、文学理论、语言哲学和符号学的不同介入视角所彰显的“文化”意义,探寻“文化”丰富而复杂的内涵。在“结构—文化主义”范式的转换中,以“内容”与“结构”、“事实”与“形式”的交互关系,思考社会结构与文化事件的张力关系,达至对人的符号化世界的文化批判路径。

Cultural Marxism,formed in the middle of the 20th century,regards cultural criticism as a critique of the reality of capitalist society,expands the scope of cultural criticism from literary texts to a wider range of real society,and embodies the distinctive characteristics of paradigm shift:the cultural criticism of“a whole way of life”is initiated by the paradigm of“culturalism”;the cultural criticism of“multiple determinism”is formed by the paradigm of“structuralism”;and the cultural criticism of“symbolizing objects”is realized by the paradigm of“structural-culturalism”.Through the analysis of the paradigm shift of Marxist cultural criticism,the meaning of“culture”is formed from the different perspectives of anthropology,sociology,literary theory,philosophy of language and semiotics,and the rich and complex connotation of“culture”is also explored.In the transformation of the paradigm of“structure-culturalism”,the interactive relationships between“content”and“structure”and between“fact”and“form”are used to understand the tension between social structure and cultural events and achieve a path to the cultural criticism of the symbolic world of human beings.