从《文心雕龙》《文选》视角详析司马迁对于“文”的认识

SimaQian's Understanding of"Wen"(Literary)::Through Analysis of Wenxin Diaolong and Wen Xuan

司马迁关于“文”的认识,除了发愤著书以外,还表现在《史记》某些篇章之中,他大致勾勒了在《诗》之后,屈《骚》之兴起,以及继《骚》而蔚为大观的辞赋之衍生与发展,总体叙述在汉初长江流域自中游到下游的演进踪迹,涉及吴王、淮南王及梁孝王几个藩国之文人集团,其间诸如枚乘、严忌、邹阳及司马相如等亮相于前汉之文坛,在整体历史叙事之中,文也骎骎乎作为重要的精神活动与生产呈现于后世读者之眼前,它是民族发展进程中不可忽缺的一环,也是构成民族精神世界的重要板块。司马迁还关注文之技巧的早熟,譬如关于事类和丽辞等,透过特定人物,司马迁已经意识到这些技巧对于文书写之重要性,从而“文”之独立意识也得以确立。关于《史记》之“文”的定义,在《文心雕龙》《文选》中得到回应,从文笔之辨可以看到司马迁深刻的影响,故鲁迅“无韵之《离骚》”已经揭示太史公于文的前瞻意识。

Styles of writing are shaped by ideas and contexts and can be roughly divided into two categories of wen(literary)and bi(writing).Shji(The Records of the Grand Historian)focuses on historical narratives,but Sima Qian also pays attention to one of the main lyrical and aesthetic veins of the literary writing with his thoughts and experiences.Detailed analysis on Wenxin Diaolong(The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)and Wenxuan(Selections of Refined Literature)will contribute to tracing back the monumental achievement of Sima Qian for the development of the shi(poetry)and fu(ode),as well as for the narration of the literary history.