中国区域创新创业指数构建与空间格局(1990-2020)

The Index of Regional Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China(IRIEC)During 1990-2020:Construction and Basic Facts

创业和创新对于中国构建新发展格局,实现高质量发展至关重要。本文围绕企业家、资本与技术三大核心要素,运用北京大学企业大数据中心构建的包含全量企业信息的企业大数据资源,从新建企业数量、吸引外来投资、吸引风险投资、专利授权数量和商标注册数量五个维度,构建兼具客观性、实时性与多维性的中国区域创新创业指数,以反映中国各地区的创新创业活力与绩效。研究表明:第一,1990-2020年,中国各地区创新创业指数不断提高,创新创业绩效显著提升。第二,广东省、浙江省、江苏省、山东省、北京市和上海市创新创业绩效最强,西部省份创新创业活力严重不足。第三,1990-2020年间,南北方地区创新创业绩效的差距呈现U形态势,“南热北冷”形势不断加剧;与此同时,中部地区创新创业活力不断增强,呈现出“中部崛起”态势。

Entrepreneurship and innovation are essential to build Chinas new development para-digm and realize the goal of high-quality development.Utilizing the enterprise big data resources built by the Center for Enterprise Research of Peking University,which contains the information on the universe of enterprises in China,and focusing on the three core factors—entrepreneur,capital,and technology,this paper constructs an objective,real-time,and multi-dimensional In-dex of Regional Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China(IRIEC).It is based on five dimen-sions,number of firm entries,outside direct investment,venture capital investment,number of granted patents,the number of trademark registrations.The index reflects the innovation and en-trepreneurship vitality and performance of each region in China.This paper documents three ma-jor facts.First,the IRIEC has been increasing from 1990 to 2020,indicating a significant im-provement in Chinas overall innovation and entrepreneurship performance.Second,Guangdong,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Shandong,Beijing and Shanghai exhibit the best innovation and entrepre-neurship performance,while western provinces lack significant vitality.Third,the gap in innova-tion and entrepreneurship performance between the northern and southern regions has shown a U-shaped pattern over the 1990—2020,while the situation of“hot in the south and cold in the north”has become more pronounced.Notably,the central region displays a rising trend in inno-vation and entrepreneurship vitality,suggesting a“central rise”phenomenon.