产权改革促进新型农村集体经济发展的效能及深化方向

The Efficiency of the Property Right Reform in Promoting the Development of the New Rural Collective Economy and the Reform Deepening Direction

党的二十大报告再次强调,发展新型农村集体经济。这既是巩固和完善农村基本经营制度的要求,也是实现农村农民共同富裕的关键。2016年至今,农村集体产权制度改革在我国全面开展并取得阶段性成果,但改革在促进集体经济发展方面的效能仍待思考。本文认为,农村集体产权制度改革的目标是通过清产核资、确权赋能,建立以股份合作制为基础的新型集体经济组织,促进集体经济发展,增加农民的财产性收入。第一轮五年的改革对集体经济发展的促进作用主要体现在“归属清晰”上,表现在资产存量得到清查、不规范合同得到清理、资产占有关系得到明确三个方面。但以股份合作制为基础的新型集体经济组织由于尚未建立有效的运营体制机制,并没有在本轮改革中成为促进集体经济发展的核心因素,因此产权改革对资源配置的激励效应没有得到充分发挥。进一步释放农村集体产权制度改革促进集体经济发展的效能,关键是构建起有利于股份合作制有效运营的体制机制与发展环境,一方面要继续着眼于实现“权能完整”“流转顺畅”“保护严格”,另一方面要形成有效的农村集体经济组织运行机制与发展条件,这也自然构成了深化改革的方向。

The report of the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the development of the new rural collective economy once again.This is not only the requirement to con-solidate and improve the basic rural management system,but also the key to achieve common prosperity for farmers in rural areas.Since 2016,the reform of rural collective property rights system has been car-ried out in an all-round way in China and has achieved phased results,but the effectiveness of the re-form in promoting the development of collective economy remains to be considered.This paper argues that the goal of the reform of rural collective property rights system is to promote the development of col-lective economy and increase farmers'property income through the verification of property and capital,the confirmation of rights and the empowerment,and the establishment of a new type of collective eco-nomic organization based on the joint-stock cooperative system.The promotion effect of the first round of five-year reform on the development of collective economy is mainly reflected in"clear ownership",which is reflected in three aspects:the inventory of assets,the liquidation of non-standard contracts,and the clarification of asset ownership.However,because the new collective economic organizations based on the joint-stock cooperative system have not established an effective operating mechanism,they have not become the core factor to promote the development of collective economy in this round of reform,so the incentive effect of property rights reform on resource allocation has not been fully played.To further release the effectiveness of the reform of rural collective property rights system in promoting the develop-ment of collective economy,the key is to construct an institutional mechanism and development environ-ment conducive to the effective operation of the joint-stock cooperative system.On the one hand,we should continue to focus on achieving"complete power","smooth circulation"and"strict protection".On the other hand,we should form an effective operating mechanism and development envi-ronment for rural collective economic organizations,which naturally constitutes the direction to deepen the reform.