日本的“道州制”构想与法学解构

The Conception and Legal Deconstruction of Japan's DouSyu System

“道州制”是一种从未实现过的日本中央政府官方较为热衷提倡的行政改革构想。道州制的类型主要分为“官治型道州”和“自治型道州”,有关其构想的谱系也从二战前一直绵延到当代。在战后日本新宪法秩序下地方自治相关规定的影响下,如今的道州制构想已经基本断绝了“官治”的可能性,但即便是“自治”的道州,其背后也隐藏着“地域综合行政主体论”的特色逻辑。日本基础自治体的存立与地方自治的未来在保守思潮的围堵中,需要通过该国宪法规范和理念作为指引,对相关概念和构想进行根本性的批判。

DouSyu system is an administrative reform concept that has never been implemented and is high-ly advocated by the central government of Japan.The types of DouSyu system are mainly divided into Of-ficial DouSyu and Autonomous DouSyu,and the genealogy of its ideas has been extended from pre-World War II to contemporary times.Under the influence of local autonomy regulations under the new constitu-tional order of Japan after the war,the current concept of the DouSyu system has basically cut off the pos-sibility of“official governance”.However,even for“autonomous”DouSyu,there is a characteristic logic of Tiiki Sougou Gyosei Syutai Ron hidden behind it.The existence of Japan's basic autonomous system and the future of local autonomy need to be fundamentally criticized through the guidance of the country's constitutional norms and concepts,amidst the containment of conservative ideologies.