铁路运营线轨枕更换技术现状及展望

Current Status and Prospects of Sleeper Replacement Technology for Railway Operation Lines

随着我国铁路运输提质增效,对线路状态和安全运营提出了更高要求。混凝土轨枕是铁路线路有砟轨道结构中的关键部件,伤损及失效轨枕精准、高效更换,对保持铁路线路良好的质量水平意义重大。目前国内铁路运营线更换轨枕主要有人工换枕、中型机械换枕及大修列车换枕三种方式。人工换枕施工效率低,劳动强度大,施工质量一般,但在更换少量轨枕时具有灵活性特点。中型机械换枕施工效率高,施工质量好,成本低,但在卸、收轨枕方面还有不足。大修列车换枕为卸、换、收枕一体化作业,机械化程度高,实现工完料净,但在施工效率、个别工序机械化、提高技术经济性等方面需要进行持续提升。本文分析了国内铁路运营线更换轨枕技术发展的现状和存在的主要问题,对未来的技术发展方向给出了思考和展望。

With the improvement of railway transportation quality and efficiency in our country,higher requirements was put forward for the status and safe operation of the railway lines.Concrete sleepers are key components in railway track structures.Accurate and efficient replacement of damaged and failed sleepers is of great significance for maintaining a good quality level of railway lines.At present,there are three main methods for replacing rail sleepers in domestic railway operation lines,including manual sleeper replacement,medium-sized mechanical sleeper replacement,and overhaul train sleeper replacement.The manual replacement of sleepers has low efficiency,high labor intensity,and average construction quality,but it has flexibility when a small number of sleepers are replaced.Medium-sized mechanical sleeper replacement construction has high efficiency,good construction quality,and low cost,but it has shortcomings in unloading and collecting rail sleepers.The overhaul train sleeper replacement is an integrated operation of unloading,replacing,and collecting sleepers,which has a high degree of mechanization and achieves net material after work.However,continuous improvement is needed in construction efficiency,mechanization of individual processes,and improvement of technical and economic efficiency.This article analyzed and studied the current situation and main problems in the development of rail sleeper replacement technology for domestic railway operation lines and put forward thoughts and prospects for future technological development.