LAG-3的生物学特点及其在肿瘤免疫中的研究进展

The biological characteristics of LAG-3 and its research progress in tumor immunity

免疫治疗已成为肿瘤治疗的主要方式之一。CTLA-4和PD-1在肿瘤免疫逃逸中起关键作用,然而PD-1和CTLA-4的低反应率是目前肿瘤免疫治疗面临的主要挑战。新一代抑制性免疫检查点淋巴细胞活化基因3(lymphocyte activation gene 3,LAG-3)在人体免疫系统中发挥重要的调节作用。LAG-3在各种类型的TIL上高表达,通过多种机制介导肿瘤免疫逃逸。LAG-3还可以和PD-1在TIL中共表达,联合阻断LAG-3和PD-1对抑制免疫逃逸、增加抗肿瘤反应、增强T细胞增殖具有协同作用,已成为改善当前肿瘤免疫治疗缺陷最有希望的免疫疗法之一。因此,深入了解LAG-3的生物学特点并进一步探究其作用机制具有重要意义。该文就LAG-3的结构、功能及其在肿瘤免疫中的研究进展进行综述。

Immunotherapy has become one of the main modalities for tumor treatment.CTLA-4 and PD-1 are the two main players in tumor immune escape.However,the low response rate of PD-1 and CTLA-4 treatments is the main challenge facing tumor immunotherapy at present.Lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG-3),a new-generation inhibitory immune checkpoint,plays an important regulatory role in the human immune system.LAG-3 is highly expressed on various types of TIL and mediates tumor immune escape through multiple mechanisms.LAG-3 can also be co-expressed with PD-1 in TIL.Combined blockade of LAG-3 and PD-1 synergistically inhibits immune escape,increases antitumor response,and enhances T cell proliferation.It has become one of the most promising immunotherapies to improve the current deficiencies in tumor immunotherapy.Therefore,it is of great significance to deeply understand the biological characteristics of LAG-3 and further explore its mechanism of action.In addition,the structure and function of LAG-3 as well as its research progress in tumor immunity are reviewed.