登革热防控的现状与展望

Current state and prospect of dengue prevention and control

登革热是由登革病毒引起、伊蚊传播的媒介传染病,受全球化、城市化及气候变化的影响,登革热在全球的流行范围不断扩大,感染人群亦在逐年上升,防控形势依然严峻。登革热防控中,媒介伊蚊的控制依然是最有效的手段,伊蚊控制应兼顾常规防制、应急防制相结合,综合环境防制、生物防制、化学防制和其他防制手段的整体协调互补,因地制宜地采取可持续控制策略和措施;此外应当在登革热病例监测、诊疗及疫苗、特效药研制方面加强科研攻关和国际合作,为登革热防控增加更多有效选择。当下登革热防控依然面临诸多挑战,如传播范围继续扩大、伊蚊种群产生广泛抗药性及抗体依赖感染增强效应导致的重症增多等,本文针对全球登革热流行及防控形势与未来防控挑战及策略进行论述,为登革热防控提供依据。

Dengue fever is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.Affected by globalization,urbanization,and climate change,the prevalence of dengue fever is expanding globally,and the number of infections is still increasing continuously,making its prevention and control situation increasingly severe.In preventing and controlling dengue fever,the control of vector Aedes mosquitoes remains the most effective method.Aedes mosquito control should take into account the combination of conventional control and emergency control,the overall coordination and complementation of comprehensive environmental control,biological control,chemical control,and other control means,and the adoption of sustainable control strategies and measures in accordance with the local conditions;in addition,scientific research and international cooperation should be strengthened in the monitoring,diagnosis and treatment of dengue infections,and the development of vaccines and specific drugs,to add more effective options for the prevention and control of dengue fever.Currently,the prevention and control of dengue fever still faces many challenges,such as the continued geographical expansion of dengue prevalence,the widespread resistance of Aedes mosquito populations to insecticides,and an increase in severe cases caused by antibody-dependent enhancement.This article reviews the global and domestic dengue epidemic and control situations,as well as future challenges and strategies,providing evidence for dengue fever prevention and control.