鲁迅小说《阿Q正传》再解读

Reinterpretation of Lu Xun's novel The True Story of Ah Q

根据主人公阿Q与他所处环境之间不断变化的关系,找出叙事中极有意义的转折点,将整部小说分为隐喻、转喻、提喻、反讽等四个类型,《阿Q正传》从第一部分作为国民性的隐喻,转向、还原到“食色”底线上的关于生存的转喻,再提升到广阔的宏大意义上的革命主题的提喻,最终转变成鲁迅对辛亥革命的反讽式理解。这四重叙事转换和语言形式范型表征了鲁迅由隐喻意识经由转喻意识和提喻意识,抵达以反讽为代表的自我意识的阶段。小说故事情节编码转换的轨辙和作者认知类型之间构成表里关系。

Based on the constantly changing relationship between the protagonist Ah Q and his environment,this paper identifies significant turning points in the narrative and divides the entire novel into four types:metaphor,metonymy,synecdoche and irony.From the first part as a metaphor for national character,The True Story of Ah Q shifts and restores to the metonymy of survival on the bottom line of“food and sex”,and then elevates it to the synecdoche of revolutionary themes in a broad and grand sense,ultimately,it transforms into Luu Xun’s ironic understanding of The Revolution of 1911 in China.These four narrative shifts and language form paradigm represent Lu Xun’s transition from the con-sciousness of metaphor through the ones of metonymy and synecdoche to the stage of self-awareness represented by i-rony.The relationship between the track of coding transformation of the novel plot and the author's cognitive type is external and internal.