面向公路智能预警系统效用评价的驾驶模拟实验设计

Experimental Design of Driving Simulation for Effectiveness Evaluation of Highway Intelligent Forewarning System

随着智慧交通的发展,高速公路利用智能预警系统提升多因素影响高原山区高速公路互通立交区进出匝道的通行安全性与通畅性。为进一步评价预警系统的有效性,研究设计了驾驶模拟仿真实验,通过搭建典型低能见度天气下的虚拟场景的道路、交通、环境和交通流,通过驾驶模拟器、无线生理仪和眼动仪等设备采集驾驶员的驾驶行为和生理心理数据,通过不同场景的模拟仿真,对不同预警系统应用条件下的驾驶行为的变化进行分析。实验招募了50名驾驶人完成共12个互通立交进出口匝道场景的闭环虚拟仿真实验,利用实验设备采集了速度、加速度、皮电、心率以及注视扫视等数据,通过统计分析驾驶人在不同能见度、进出口匝道以及有/无预警系统的场景中的驾驶行为数据和生理心理数据,为预警系统的有效性分析提供定量化的评价。实验结果表明,预警系统能够有效提高驾驶人的驾驶安全性;此外,对比互通匝道预警系统对不同驾驶经验的驾驶人的影响,发现对驾龄>10年的驾驶人的警示效果更好。

With the development of intelligent transportation,intelligent forewarning system is used for expressway to enhance the safety and smoothness of multi-factor influences on the access ramps to and from interchange areas of continental plateau mountainous highways.To further evaluate the effectiveness of the early warning system,in this study,driving simulation experiments are designed by building virtual scenarios of roads,traffic,environment and traffic flow in typical low-visibility weather,and driver’s driving behavior and physiological-psychological data are collected through driving simulators,wireless physiologic meters and eye trackers.By simulating different scenarios,the changes of driving behaviors in different early warning system application conditions are analyzed.A total of 50drivers are recruited to complete the closed-loop virtual simulation experiments of 12interchange entrance/exit ramp scenarios,and speed,acceleration,EAD,ECG,and gaze sweep data are collected by the experimental devices.The driving behavior data and physiological-psychological data in scenarios with different visibility,entrance and exit ramps and with/without forewarning systems are analyzed so as to provide a quantitative evaluation for the analysis of the effectiveness of forewarning systems.The experimental results show that the forewarning system can effectively improve the driving safety of drivers.In addition,comparing the effect of the interchange ramp forewarning system on drivers with different driving experience,it is found that the forewarning effect is better for drivers with at least 10years driving experience.