高速公路隧道群内隧道纵向间距对驾驶人生理负荷的影响规律研究

Research on the Influence of Longitudinal Spacing within Tunnels Group on Drivers’Physiological Load

为研究隧道群内隧道间纵向间距对行车安全的影响,采用驾驶人实车试验方案,借助眼动仪和MP150生理仪采集了10名驾驶人的瞳孔面积以及心电信号数据,并采用模糊综合评价法表征不同隧道间纵向间距下隧道群中各相邻区段的生理负荷。结果表明:驾驶人的瞳孔面积变化率、窦性心搏间标准差(SDNN)在隧道群中各区段均具有显著性差异。驾驶人在第二隧道入口段瞳孔面积变化率最大,第一隧道中间段SDNN最大;在隧道群的第二隧道入口段和第一隧道出口段的生理负荷最大,其次是纵向间距段;第一隧道中间段的综合负荷较低。隧道群纵向间距在0~110 m驾驶人的综合生理负荷增加并达到最大,隧道群纵向间距在110~200 m,驾驶人的综合生理负荷降低,在150 m后变化趋近平缓。建议对于纵向间距小于150 m的隧道群,在隧道之间设置遮光棚,以减小驾驶人明暗适应带来的综合生理负荷。

In order to study the influence of tunnel longitudinal spacing within tunnel group on driving safety,10drivers’pupil area and ECG data are collected with the help of eye movement instrument and MP150physiological instrument,and the physiological load of each adjacent section in the tunnel group with different longitudinal spacing between tunnels is characterized by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results show that there are significant differences in the rate of change of driver’s pupil area and the Standard Diviation of NN intervals(SDNN)in each section of tunnel group.The rate of change of pupil area is the largest in the second tunnel entrance zone and the driver SDNN in the interior zone of the first tunnel is the largest.The physiological load of the second tunnel entrance zone and the first tunnel exit zone is the largest,followed by the longitudinal distance zone,and the comprehensive load of the interior zone of the first tunnel is lower.The comprehensive physiological load increases and reaches the maximum when the longitudinal distance of tunnel group is 0~110m.When the longitudinal distance of tunnel group is 110~200m,the comprehensive physiological load of driver decreases,and the change tends to be gentle and reaches a relatively low value after 150m.Therefore,it is suggested that for tunnel groups with longitudinal spacing less than 150m,shading shed should be set between tunnels to reduce the comprehensive physiological load caused by light and dark adaptation of drivers.