用于电梯曳引机减振的MR-SRC减振器设计与分析

Design and analysis of MR-SRC shock absorber for elevator traction machine vibration reduction

针对现有曳引机减振常采用的高分子减振垫因环境因素而引发性能大幅退化问题,以电梯曳引机减振器的工程应用需求为导向,确定减振器所需阻尼元件的刚度后,采用真空渗流技术将硅橡胶填充入金属橡胶孔隙并形成包覆,研制出一款耐环境影响的高性能金属橡胶/硅橡胶连续互穿相复合减振材料(metal rubber-silicone rubber continuous interwoven phase composite damping material, MR-SRC)。然后基于实际结构建立电梯曳引机的有限元数值模型。对加装MR-SRC减振器前后的电梯曳引机进行了模态分析,确定了整体结构的固有频率和振型。对MR-SRC减振器进行冲击响应分析,对比不同MR-SRC材料和冲击载荷对响应的影响,校核减振器的强度。接着,基于MR-SRC的近似等效,对减振器系统的冲击响应进行了理论计算,得出金属橡胶密度为1.8 g/cm^(3)的MR-SRC减振器对减振效果最佳。最后将所制备的MR-SRC减振器安装于实际电梯曳引机,按照电梯减振国标要求,测试电梯在运行过程中的加速度和速度变化,计算并校核电梯运行的相关特性参数。该文章提出的减振器为电梯安全可靠运行提供了一种新途径。

Here,aiming at the problem of significant performance degradation caused by environmental factors of polymer damping pads commonly used for vibration reduction in existing traction machines,taking engineering application requirements of elevator traction machine dampers as the guidance,after determining required damping components’stiffnesses,vacuum infiltration technology was used to fill silicone rubber into metal rubber pores,form a coating,and develop a high-performance metal rubber-silicone rubber continuous interwoven phase composite damping material(MR-SRC)vibration damping material for resisting environmental impacts.Then,a finite element numerical model for elevator traction machine based on actual structure was established.Modal analyses were performed for elevator traction machine before and after installing MR-SRC shock absorber to determine natural frequencies and vibration modes of the overall system.Impact response analysis was performed for MR-SRC shock absorber,effects of different MR-SRC materials and impact loads on impact responses were compared to check MR-SRC shock absorber strength.Furthermore,based on the approximate equivalence of MR-SRC,theoretical calculations were performed for impact response of shock absorber system.It was shown that MR-SRC shock absorber with a metal rubber density of 1.8 g/cm 3 has the best damping effect.Finally,the fabricated MR-SRC vibration damper was installed in an actual elevator traction machine,acceleration and velocity changes of the elevator were measured during operation according to requirements of elevator vibration reduction national standard,the relevant characteristic parameters of elevator operation were calculated and checked.The results showed that MR-SRC vibration damper designed here can provide a new approach for safe and reliable operation of elevators.