试论两种相互矛盾的海昏侯刘贺形象及其成因

On Formation and Causes of Two Contradictory Images of Haihun Marquis Liu He

在历史文献记载中的“汉废帝”刘贺是一种粗犷少文、劣迹斑斑的纨绔子弟形象,然而,随着海昏侯墓的挖掘,大量出土资料所呈现的刘贺却是一种受过系统儒家文化教育、行事低调的宗室贵胄形象。造成这两种相互矛盾的形象出现的原因,在于刘贺特殊的政治身份及其深陷斗争漩涡无力回旋的历史事实。为了达到废黜和排除潜在威胁的目的,权臣霍光及汉宣帝存在刻意抹黑、夸大其罪的可能,加上受政治宣传的影响,历史文献的叙事者进一步固化或加强了这一形象。

In historical documents,Liu He,the“Abolished Emperor of Han”,was a rough and ill-mannered descendant of no-ble family.However,with the excavation of the Haihun Marquis Tomb,a large amount of unearthed materials show that Liu He was probably a low-profile nobleman who had been educated in the systematic Confucian culture.It is found that the reason for these two contradictory images lies in Liu He's special political identity and the historical fact that he was caught in a whirlpool of struggles from which he was unable to maneuver.In order to achieve the goal of deposing and eliminating potential threats,the powerful minister Huo Guang and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty may have deliberately discredited and exaggerated his crimes,which,together with the influence of political propaganda,was further solidified or reinforced by the narrators of histor-ical documents.