20世纪80年代乡村体制更替下的农民心理与认知--基于河北省村落口述史的研究

Peasant Psychology and Cognition Under the Change of Rural Institutions in the 1980s:A Study Based on Oral History of Villages in Hebei Province

20世纪80年代前后是中国乡村社会变革的重要时期,人民公社制度开始解体,家庭联产承包责任制在国家的主导下在乡村强力推行。人民公社制度解体的根本原因在于,在当时的生产力水平下,其制度本身难以克服生产效率低下等固有的弊端。对于人民公社制度的解体不同群体存在不同的情感与认知,这在很大程度上也影响了新制度推行中人们态度的复杂性。应当说,新制度更为积极的意义在于对农民生产积极性的激发,而相对于集体化时期的生产组织形式,新制度在土地利用效率最大化方面并未表现出明显优势。中国特色社会主义农业改革和发展的最终方向还是要走集体化和集约化之路,以实现农业第二次飞跃。

The 1980s was an important period of social changes in China's countryside.The people's commune system began to disintegrate,and the household contract responsibility system was vigorously implemented in the countryside under the leader-ship of the state.The root cause of the disintegration of the people's commune system was the inherent deficiencies such as low productivity that was difficult for the system itself to overcome at that time.Different people have different emotions and cogni-tion toward the disintegration of the people's commune system,which also largely led to the complexity of people's attitudes to-ward the implementation of the new system.To some degree,the new system was more positive in that it stimulated the farmers'motivation to produce,while it does not show a clear advantage in maximizing the efficiency of land use compared to the form of production organization during the period of collectivization.The ultimate direction of China's socialist agricultural reform and development is still collectivization and intensification,so as to achieve a second leap in agriculture.