追氮模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能及产量的影响试验

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Mode on Stem Lodging Resistance and Yield of Wheat

为明确追氮模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能及产量的影响,以倒伏敏感型品种淄麦28和抗倒型品种山农28为材料,在基施氮肥1/2条件下将剩余氮肥按4种模式追施,分别是起身肥∶孕穗肥=1/4∶1/4(N1);拔节肥1/2(N2);拔节肥∶开花肥=1/4∶1/4(N3);孕穗肥1/2(N4)。结果表明,追氮模式显著影响小麦茎秆的抗倒性能及产量,N1处理下的抗折力、抗倒伏指数及产量显著高于其他处理,N1与N3处理下的茎粗、壁厚及木质素含量显著高于N2、N4处理,说明少量、多次追施氮肥能增强小麦茎秆的抗倒性能。但从产量看,基施1/2氮肥条件下,起身肥∶孕穗肥=1/4∶1/4(N1)追施氮肥模式下的产量更高,建议作为小麦生产的适宜追肥模式。

In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen topdressing mode on stem lodging resistance and yield of wheat,the lodging sensitive variety Zimai 28 and the inverted resistant variety Shannong 28 were used as materials,under the condition of 1/2 base nitrogen fertilizer,the remaining nitrogen fertilizer was applied according to four modes.They were respectively rising fertilizer:booting fertilizer=1/4∶1/4(N1);jointing fertilizer 1/2(N2);Jointing fertilizer:flowering fertilizer=1/4∶1/4(N3);pregnancy fertilizer 1/2(N4).The results showed that nitrogen topdressing mode significantly affected stem lodging resistance and yield of wheat.The buckling resistance,lodging resistance index and yield of N1 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments.Stem thickness,wall thickness and lignin content under N1 and N3 treatments were significantly higher than those under N2 and N4 treatments.These results indicated that a small amount and multiple application of nitrogen fertilizer could enhance lodging resistance of wheat stem.However,in terms of yield,under the condition of base application of 1/2 nitrogen fertilizer,the yield of rising fertilizer:booting fertilizer=1/4∶1/4(N1)topdressing mode was higher,and it was suggested that it should be used as a suitable topdressing mode for wheat production.