综合性社区中心适老性使用后评价——广深案例实证

Post Occupancy Evaluation on the Elder-adaptivity of the Comprehensive Community Centers:A Empirical Study in Guangzhou and Shenzhen

综合性社区中心可提供较为便捷的“一站式”日常生活服务,日渐成为支持社区养老生活的重要共享平台。为研究这类设施的使用实效和适老性能进行实证研究,选取广深地区有代表性的五个综合性社区中心为研究对象,聚焦建筑的适老性目标,采用量化和质化有机结合的使用后评价研究方法,调查样本社区中心使用者的行为、心理和满意度,评估现状空间的使用状况与适老性特征。在此基础上就现存问题提出平衡社区中心公共服务与商业功能的比例、强化空间整体性和连续性、注重适老化精细设计、老幼空间复合、延长公共空间服务时间并分时管理复合使用等优化建议。

Comprehensive community centers which can provide convenient"one-stop"daily life services are becoming an important sharing platform to support community-based elderly life.The construction mode of community center in China is not mature yet.Existing studies are mainly based on introduction of neighborhood center modes in Singapore.To further explore design effectiveness of typical comprehensive community centers,five representative comprehensive community centers in Guangzhou and Shenzhen were chosen.Their use mode and satisfaction were evaluated comprehensively by the post-occupancy research method that integrated quantitative and qualitative analyses.Key attention was paid to Elderadaptivity of buildings from the perspective of the elderly population.From the human-centric perspective,community centers'ability to improve support to public life was discussed.The elder-adaptivity problem and successful modes were summarized.Research conclusions could provide suggestions to build a pluralistic and dynamic community shared living space.With respect to research design,the quantitative questionnaire survey,qualitative interview and observation were combined.Dominant factors influencing elder-adaptivity quality of community centers as well as their interaction laws were analyzed.First,the users and managers were interviewed.According to key word frequency analysis,six basic dimensions for satisfaction evaluation centered at material elements were determined.A satisfaction questionnaire was designed for the evaluation index system.According to organization characteristics recognized in questionnaire surveys and interviews,the organization mode of typical scenes of commercial spaces and public service spaces was observed systematically.The interaction between usage behaviors and spatial environment was explored thoroughly.The main survey results of post-evaluation were as follows.(1)According to satisfaction survey results,users were relatively sensitive to functional diversity,functional space scale,decoration style,layout reasonability and maintenance level of community centers.(2)According to behavioral observation,some community centers had rich space types and diversified behaviors.Emphasis on design of elder care spaces can attract the aged to take activities,resulting in good usage.For example,North Station Community Center of Shenzhen create composite usages of several spaces and time,which not only increases utilization of spaces,but also increases opportunities for the elderly to share and integrate with other age groups.(3)The community centers were found to have numerous problems,such as spatial dislocation between business space and public service,unreasonable functional spatial layout and scale,insufficient humanization design and management,thus resulting in low spatial efficiency and insufficient public service capabilities.Based on survey results,some suggestions are proposed as follows.(1)It is suggested to configure public services and business service functions.Specifically,the cultural and sports function as well as day care function for the elderly shall account for 30%of the occupying area.(2)The spatial scales and functional layout shall be optimized.A mixed use spatial form which has a tight structure and can meet multiple purposes is proposed.(3)The aging-friendly facility configuration and refined design shall be optimized to give users a sense of warmth.(4)A layout in favor of time management and composite space usage is proposed in order to improve organizational efficiency of community centers.