向日葵种质资源籽粒外观和营养品质综合的评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Grain Appearance and Nutritional Quality of Sunflower Germplasm Resources

为开展食用型向日葵(食葵)种质资源的外观和品质综合评价,挖掘高营养品质资源,研究以21份食葵种质资源为供试材料,通过对籽粒外观品质、营养品质在内的17个指标进行测定,考察了不同种质资源籽粒各项指标之间的差异性,同时采用主成分分析和聚类分析对食葵种质资源进行了综合性评价。结果表明,不同食葵种质资源各项指标之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,百粒重与籽粒宽呈显著正相关,籽粒宽与籽粒厚呈极显著正相关,籽仁粗蛋白与粗脂肪呈显著负相关,α-生育酚与维生素E总和呈极显著正相关,且相关性最强,相关系数为0.996。采用主成分因子分析和聚类分析对9个外观和品质指标进行系统性分析,提取3个主成分,累计方差贡献率为71.90%,最终确定外观(百粒重、籽粒宽)、维生素E、粗蛋白和粗脂肪为评价食葵外观和品质优劣的关键性指标。筛选出综合得分高的材料5份,分别为19S35、19S29、19S3、19S38、19S20。结合外观和营养品质分析,不同类型的材料为向日葵优质专用新品种选育和食葵高营养种质资源的开发应用提供参考。

To comprehensively evaluate the appearance and quality of edible sunflower(food sunflower)germplasm resources and tap the resources with high nutritional quality,21 sunflower germplasm resources were used as test materials,and 17 indexes,including the appearance quality and nutritional quality of seeds were measured to investigate the differences among the indexes of different germplasm resources.At the same time,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the germplasm resources of sunflower.The results indicated that there were significant differences in all parameters among different germplasm resources of sunflower(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis indicated that 100 grain weight was significantly positively correlated with grain width,grain width was significantly positively correlated with grain thickness,seed kernel crude protein was significantly negatively correlated with ether extract,α-tocopherol was significantly positively correlated with VE sum,and the correlation coefficient was 0.996.Principal component factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to systematically analyze nine appearance and quality indexes,and three principal components were extracted with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 71.90%.Finally,appearance(100 grain weight,grain width),VE,crude protein and ether extract were determined as the key indexes to evaluate the appearance and quality of sunflower.Five materials with high comprehensive scores were selected,being 19S35,19S29,19S3,19S38 and 19S20,respectively.Combined with the analysis of appearance and nutritional quality,the different types of materials could provide reference for the breeding of new sunflower varieties with high quality and special purpose and the development and application of high nutritional germplasm resources of sunflower.