三代同堂:代际知识转移对农户亲环境生产行为的影响

Three Generations under One Roof:The Impact of Intergenerational Knowledge Transfer on the Pro-environmental Behaviors of Rural Households

已有研究偏重从政府和市场视角探究农户亲环境生产行为的塑造问题。关于家庭人力资本的研究文献也相对忽略农户行为的本源性动因,未能对代际知识转移的内在影响予以足够重视。本文以农业化肥施用量为例,利用湖北省水稻主产区1470户稻农的问卷调查数据,讨论三代同堂农户亲环境行为的生成机理,研究表明:(1)三代同堂能够显著降低农户生产经营中的化肥施用量,诱导其亲环境行为;(2)三代同堂诱致亲环境行为的内生路径在于改善人力资本,并与耕地质量和机械作业紧密关联;(3)家庭第一代成员的饥荒记忆,会强化其对自然的敬畏之心,从而显著增进家庭的亲环境行为;(4)家庭第三代成员的外出务工经历,会扩展其社交网络的宽度和层次,继而驱动农户家庭的亲环境行为。本文认为,农业领域的传统知识并不等同于落后经验,特定历史情景下父辈所积累的农业生产知识,往往具有亲环境的先进性;子代也存在对家庭知识积累的补充与更新,并能够成为亲环境行为的重要驱动力。

Prior studies have revealed the determinates of rural households'pro-environmental production behaviors from government and market perspectives.Studies on family human capital also ignore the original motivation of households'behaviors and fail to elaborate the inherent contributions of intergenerational knowledge transfer.Taking agricultural fertilizer reduction as an example,this paper discusses the motivation mechanism of pro-environmental behavior performed by rural households with three generations under one roof,applying the questionnaire survey data of 1470 rice farmers in the main rice producing area of Hubei Province.The results show that:(1)Three generations under one roof can significantly reduce chemical fertilizer application in agricultural production and motivate pro-environmental behaviors;(2)Its endogenous path to stimulate pro-environmental behaviors is to improve human capital,while its exogenous path lies in improving farmland quality and enhancing mechanical operation;(3)The famine experience of the first generation can strengthen their awe of nature,so as to significantly enhance households'pro-environmental behaviors;(4)The migrant work experiences of the third generation can expand the width and depth of their social networks,and thus drive the pro-environmental behaviors.The represent study clarifies that traditional knowledge in agriculture doesn't antiquate.The agricultural experiences of the first generation was sharped in a specific historical scenario and activate pro-environment norms.The third generation can also supplement and accelerate the accumulation of family knowledge,and thus serves as an important driving force of pro-environmental behaviors.