火星峡谷网研究的现状、问题与展望

Achievements,Issues and Prospects in the Study of Martian Valley Networks

广泛分布于火星表面的谷网地貌作为火星地质环境演变的记录者,对认识火星地质历史时期的环境变化、了解火星古气候与宜居性具有重要意义.随着中国火星探测计划的开展,详细了解火星谷网的研究进展尤为重要.对火星谷网地貌的探测历史、形貌分类、时空分布、成因假说等方面的研究进展进行了总结,在此基础上提出了当前火星谷网研究中存在的主要问题与争议,并认为未来可着重在谷网侵蚀沉积物的识别分析、谷网对古气候重建所提供的地质学证据与理论模型预测结果的协调、以及火星与地球谷网的类比等方面开展研究.

As a record of the evolution of the Martian geological environment,the widely-distributed valley networks on the surface of Mars are of great significance to the understanding of the environmental changes,paleoclimate,and habitability of Mars over geologic time.With the development of China's Mars exploration program,it is important to understand the research status of this one of the most extensive Martin fluvial landforms in detail.In this paper,we reviewed the research progress on the exploration history,morphological classification,spatial and temporal distribution,and formation hypotheses of Martian valley networks,on the basis of which,we summarized the main problems and controversies in the current research,and suggested that the future studies may focus on the identification and analysis of valley networks'erosional sediments,the reconciliation of the geological observations and theoretical modeling,and analog studies between Martian valley networks and terrestrial counterparts.