解放战争时期中国共产党对民族资产阶级政策的制定与调适

The Formulation and Adjustment of the Policies of the Communist Party of China to the National Bourgeois during the War of Liberation(1945-1949)

中国共产党关于中国革命的基本主张,只有付诸人民群众的实践,才能达到改造国家与社会的目的。政策的制定和施行,则是实现两者有机联结的关键环节。在解放战争时期与国民党统治集团的最后斗争中,尤其是在党的工作重心由农村转到城市之后,应该怎样看待民族资产阶级的地位和作用,当时乃至在革命胜利以后,应该对他们实行什么样的政策和策略,这一问题再次被提到中国共产党领导人面前。以毛泽东为核心的中共中央从中国的基本国情出发,坚持新民主主义革命的纲领和总路线,坚持人民民主统一战线的根本方针和原则,在实践中积极进行探索和调适,注意纠正“左”的和右的偏向,不断总结经验,形成了一整套正确对待民族资产阶级的政策体系,并且被载入具有临时宪法地位的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》中。对民族资产阶级政策的确定与积极的实践效应,成为中国共产党强大政治领导力的突出表征之一。

The CPC's basic propositions on the Chinese revolution can achieve the goal of transforming the country and society only if they are put into practice by the masses.The formulation and implementation of policies is the key link of the organic connection between the two.At the final stage of struggling against the regime of the Kuomintang during the liberation war,especially after the party's focus has shifted from rural areas to urban areas,Communist leaders felt obliged to cope with the issues such as how should the CPC view the status and role of the national bourgeoisie,what policies and strategies should be applied to them at that time and after the victory of the revolution.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Mao Zedong as the core started from China's national conditions,adhered to the programme and general line of the New Democratic Revolution,as well as the fundamental policy and principles of the People's Democratic United Front,and actively explored and adjusted their policies in practice,corrected both the“left”and right tendency,summed up the new experiences constantly,thus forming a whole set of correct policy system toward national bourgeoisie,which had been included in the Common Programme of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.This Programme was considered as the temporary Constitution of the People's Republic of China.The formulation of the policies toward the national bourgeoisie and its positive practical effect is one of the prominent features of the strong political leadership of the Communist Party of China.