被遮蔽的胜利——巴黎和会中国签订对奥《圣日耳曼和约》过程研究

The Overshadowed Victory:A Study of the Process of China Signing the Treaty of Saint-Germain against Austria at the Paris Peace Conference

一战结束后,中国以战胜国的身份参与巴黎和会。在和会的筹备阶段及初期,中方将“废止特权”与“平等原则”作为对德、奥条款的核心底线,并随着会议进程的深入不断推进对德、奥具体问题的解决。然而,在拒签德约后,奥约问题成为北京政府及代表团关注的重点,其能否顺利签订关乎中国战后的国际地位。北京政府更是明确将奥约签订一事与加入国联绑定,并寄希望于英、美方面的帮助。是时,和会中各国针对奥约的主张、态度不一,陆征祥和顾维钧等人通过积极协调、斡旋,最终使得奥约顺利签订,中国也以此成为国际联盟创始会员国之一。总体来看,中方在签订奥约的过程中表现积极主动,加入国联也符合一战后北京政府提升国际地位的需要。但从长远结果来看,中国朝野上下所期许的“战后新秩序”并未因为国联的成立而实现。

After the end of the First World War,China participated in the Paris Peace Conference as a victorious country.During the preparatory stage of this Conference,the Beijing government made the“abolition of privileges”and the“principle of equality”as the core baseline of its provisions against Germany and Austria,and pushed forward the resolution of specific issues as the Conference progressed.However,after the refusal to sign the Versailles Peace Treaty,the Treaty of Saint-Germain became the main focus of the Beijing government and the Chinese delegation,as its successful signing was crucial to China's international status after the First World War.The Beijing government even explicitly tied the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain to the League of Nations and hoped for help from Britain and the United States.At that time,the countries in the Paris Peace Conference had different attitudes,but Lu Zhengxiang,Wellington Koo and others made the treaty a success through active coordination and mediation,and China became one of the founding members of the League of Nations.On the whole,the Chinese government was proactive in the process of signing the Treaty of Saint-Germain,and joining the League of Nations was also in line with the post-First World War need of the Beijing government to enhance its international status.However,in the long run,the“new order”expected by the whole country did not materialise with the establishment of the League of Nations.