量子密钥分发网络架构、进展及应用

Architecture,progress,and applications of quantum key distribution networks

近年来,随着网络通信攻击手段的层出不穷,只依赖传统计算困难程度的密钥分发的安全性受到了严重威胁。量子密钥分发技术由于其无条件安全性的优势,与光网络结合,在信息的保密性和传递效率方面具有突出的表现。利用量子密钥分发技术组建的量子密钥分发网络也在全球范围内得到逐步应用并且不断发展。重点总结了量子密钥分发各项协议及量子密钥分发网络的发展历程,以量子密钥分发网络所面临的生存性和连通性,以及中继节点的布置问题为切入点,分析了量子密钥分发网络目前存在的不足及现有的各种解决方案。最后,从实际的角度出发,分析和总结了量子密钥分发网络的应用现状,通过量子密钥分发在线与离线相结合的方式,使量子密钥分发网络的可推广性变得更强,同时,边缘网关到物联网终端设备的量子密钥分发也大大促进了量子密钥分发网络与现有物联网设备的结合应用。

In recent years,with the endless emergence of network communication attack methods,the security of key distribution that only relies on traditional computing difficulty has been seriously threatened.Quantum key distribution technology,because of its unconditional security advantages,combined with optical networks,has outstanding results in information confidentiality and transmission efficiency.The quantum key distribution network based on quantum key distribution technology has also been gradually applied and developed worldwide.This paper focuses on summarizing the development history of quantum key distribution protocols and quantum key distribution networks.Starting from the survivability and connectivity of quantum key distribution networks and the layout of relay nodes.in this paper we analyzes the current shortcomings of quantum key distribution networks and various existing solutions.Finally,we analyzes and summarizes the application status of quantum key distribution network from the practical point of view.Through the combination of quantum key distribution online and offline,the quantum key distribution network has become more scalable.At the same time,the quantum key distribution from the edge gateway to the Internet of Things terminal devices has greatly promoted the combination of quantum key distribution network and existing Internet of Things devices.