礼乐文明的根基重建:《中庸》主旨新探

Rebuilding the Foundation for the Rites and Music Civilization:A New Explanation of Zhong Yong

《中庸》的阐释史分为性命之学与礼乐之学两大系统,它们可以在对《中庸》的整体性与历史性理解中得以统合。面对礼崩乐坏的文明危机,子思对“性与天道”进行创造性阐发,为礼乐之道重建哲学根基。在“训诂通义理”的阐释路径中,穆、中、静、禘分别是理解《中庸》天道、人性与礼乐的关键词。《中庸》的天道观统摄了隐微、生生、有序三重含义,可以概括为“生生之和”;《中庸》的人性论体现为未发的有序性;和谐有序的天人之道为《中庸》建立贯通天人古今的礼乐文明提供了哲学基础。《中庸》对“诚明”的阐发蕴含着深刻的礼乐精神,“诚”在礼乐文明中得以展开。中国哲学的特质体现为哲学根基与文明传统的契合,这是把握《中庸》义理统一性的关键。

The exegetical history ofZhong yong(the Doctrine of the Mean)can be characterized by two major systems:the studies of human nature and destiny,and the studies of rites and music,which can nonetheless be integrated in understanding the entirety and historicity of this classic.Facing the crisis of the collapse of rites and music,Zi Si creatively expounded the relationship between human nature and natural law and in this way restablished its philosophical tradition.In the hermeneutical path called“from exegesis to philosophy”,“Mu”“Zhong”“Jing”and“Di”are the key words for comprehending natural law,human nature,as well as rites and music inZhong yong.Natural law is endowed with the meanings of subtlety,vitality,and orderliness,which can be summarized as“the harmony of vitality”.The doctrine of human nature reflects an inherent orderly nature.Based on the harmonious and orderly way of nature and human,Zi Si created a philosophical foundation for rites and music that bridges nature and human,the past and the present.The interpretation of“Cheng Ming”inZhong yongalso embodies a profound spirit of rites and music,which promotes the expansion of“Cheng(Sincerity)”within such a culture.The characteristics of Chinese philosophy are reflected in the fit between the philosophical foundation and the civilizational tradition,which offers the key to understanding the unity of Zhong yong.