孔学与庄学的人道天道会通与托孤

On the Mutual Understanding of the Way of Heaven and the Way of Man between Confucianism and Zhuangzi Studies and on the Idea of Zhuangzi as the Single Descendant of Confucianism during the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

传统观点认为孔学的人道与庄学的天道对峙,这种对峙极易产生中国文化的内耗。明清之际的觉浪道盛、方以智、髡残等明代遗民栖身佛门,致力于孔学与庄学的会通,以此打开孔学的天道视域,遥接孔庄之前的三皇五帝并重人道与天道的道统;通过人道与天道的自由之“游”,既能实现天道的超越,又能以此返回人道,实现两者的自由转换。经此会通,庄子成为孔门真孤,遗民为中国文化托孤,用以解决明亡的现实与复兴的理想之间的矛盾。