气动载荷对高速列车车体强度的影响研究

Study on the Influence of the Aerodynamic Load on the Carbody Strength of High-speed Train

随着列车运行速度的提高,气动载荷对车体强度的影响越来越显著。文章以某动车组车体为研究对象,首先基于有限元分析软件建立了车体有限元模型,然后参照其模拟仿真的明线会车压力波数据,采用时间积分的方法将车体测点瞬态压强转化为整个侧墙表面的气动载荷,依次加载多工况载荷来模拟整个会车过程,最后在车体上选择“关注点”,对比气动载荷加载前后“关注点”当量应力,分析计算气动载荷对车体强度的影响。试验结果表明,气动载荷对车体门角、窗角及车顶设备安装处强度影响较大,最大强度贡献率达到了37.3%,出现在第三车窗窗角处。在车体强度评估过程中考虑气动载荷是相当有必要的,通过时间积分可将瞬态压力波转化为多工况来模拟会车过程中的气动载荷作用。

With the increase of running speed of trains,the influence of the aerodynamic load on the carbody strength is more and more remarkable.Taking the carbody of an EMU for the object of study,this article firstly establishes the finite element model of carbody with the finite element analysis software,then according to the data of pressure wave during the meeting of trains on an open track simulated by the model,it adopts the time integration method to convert the transient pressure at the measurement points on carbody into the aerodynamic load on the entire surface of side wall,and sequentially applies the load in multiple working conditions to simulate the entire meeting process,and finally chooses the“points of concern”on the carbody,compares its equivalent stress values before and after application of the aerodynamic load and analyzes and calculate the influence of the aerodynamic load on the carbody strength.The test result shows that the aerodynamic load has a larger influence on the carbody strength at door corners,window corners and roofmounted equipment,and the maximum influence rate on the strength is up to 37.3%appearing at the corners of the third window.During the evaluation of the carbody strength,it’s quite necessary to consider the aerodynamic load and by using the time integration,the transient pressure wave can be converted to simulate the aerodynamic load during the meeting of trains in multiple working conditions.