伊犁河谷白喉乌头土壤动物群落结构特征

Structural characteristics of soil faunal community of Aconitum leucostomum in Yili Valley

【目的】研究毒害草白喉乌头土壤动物群落结构特征和环境因子与土壤动物之间的关联,为伊犁河谷生态系统的保护提供理论基础。【方法】运用单因素方差分析、最小显著差数法、Pearson相关性分析白喉乌头土壤动物群落分布特征,及其不同土层和土壤动物的分布变化规律,探讨环境因子和土壤动物群落的关系。【结果】共获土壤动物2593只(含大型土壤动物和中小型土壤动物),隶属于2门4纲15目;优势类群为甲螨亚目和球角跳虫科。白喉乌头大型土壤动物分布出现逆分布现象,中小型土壤动物分布呈表聚性;其群落分布存在季节动态变化;其土壤动物群落与土壤环境因子有机质、全氮、全钾、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值有关,其中有机质、全氮与土壤动物群落的相关性较大。【结论】大型土壤动物和中小型土壤动物分布存在差异性,且土壤动物一定程度上受白喉乌头分布的影响。

【Objective】The study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of soil faunal com⁃munities and the relationship between environmental factors and soil fauna of the poisonous grass Aconitum leucosto⁃mum,and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of the ecosystem in Yili Valley.【Method】The distribution characteristics of soil fauna communities of Aconitum leucostomum,as well as the distribution and changes of soil fauna in different soil layers were analyzed by One⁃way ANOVA,least significant difference,and Pearson correlation analysis in order to explore the.relationship between environmental factors and soil fauna communities.【Result】A total of 2593 individuals of soil fauna(including macro fauna and meso⁃micro fauna)belonging to 2 phyla,4 classes and 15 orders were collected.The dominant groups were Oribatida and Hypogastruridae.The distribution of macro fauna of the Aconitum leucostomum showed a reverse distribution phenomenon,and the surface aggregation phenom⁃enon was found in meso⁃micro fauna.Its community distribution varied seasonally.The soil fauna community was re⁃lated to soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,ammonium nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,rapidly available potassium and pH,of which soil organic matter and total nitrogen were strongly correlated with soil fauna.【Conclusion】There are differences in the distribution of macro fauna and meso⁃micro fauna,and soil fauna are to some extent influenced by the distribution of Aconitum leucostomum.