不同麸粕为辅助原料的菌渣牛粪有机肥在烤烟种植中的肥效差异

Difference of Fertilizer Efficiency of Mushroom Residue Cow Dung Manure with Different Bran Meal as Auxiliary Raw Material on Flue-cured Tobacco

采用大田试验方法,在当地常规化肥施用量90%的基础上,施用等量分别添加花生麸(OFH)、棉籽麸(OFM)、油菜籽麸(OFY)和大豆麸(OFD)辅料的菌渣牛粪有机肥,研究其对土壤有机质、速效养分、烟株生长、化学成分及品质的影响。结果表明,不同麸粕与木耳菌渣、牛粪按照10∶100∶100质量比制作成的有机肥,施用3.0 t/hm^(2)于土壤中后,不同麸粕的有机肥肥效有所不同。OFH处理旺长期烟叶氮含量和单鲜叶质量最大,烟叶磷、钾含量与其他处理相当;OFH处理上等烟比例和烟叶产值最高,其产值与OFD处理无显著差异,但都显著高于OFY和OFM处理;不同处理对烤烟化学成分无不良影响,OFH处理化学成分更协调;各处理烤烟感官质量综合评价分值无明显差异,4个处理中OFH处理总分最高,其次是OFY处理。以花生麸为辅助原料制作菌渣牛粪有机肥在改善烟株营养和烟株生长及提高烤烟产量和品质上效果较好。

Effects of mushroom residue cow dung manure with different bran meal as auxiliary material on growth,yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties of tobacco were studied.Field experiment was conducted to study effects of peanut bran(OFH),cottonseed bran(OFM),rapeseed bran(OFY)and soybean bran(OFD)mushroom residue cow dung manure(3.0 t/hm^(2))on soil organic matter,available nutrients,tobacco plant growth,chemical composition and quality on the basis of 90%local conventional chemical fertilizer application.Results showed that,fertilizer effect of different bran meal was different when 3.0 t/hm2 was applied to soil.Nitrogen content and single fresh leaf weight of OFH treatment were the highest,and phosphorus and potassium content of tobacco leaf was similar to that of other bran meal.OFH treatment had the highest proportion of premium tobacco and output value of tobacco leaves,which had no significant difference with OFD treatment,but were significantly higher than OFY and OFM treatment.Different treatments had no adverse effects on chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco,and OFH treatment had better coordination of chemical constituents.There was no significant difference in comprehensive evaluation score of flue-cured tobacco sensory quality among the four treatments,and OFH was the highest,followed by OFY.Effect of improving nutrition and growth of tobacco plant and improving yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was better to make mushroom residue cow dung manure with fungus residue from peanut bran as auxili-ary material.