基于冬小麦土壤含水率分析的河南省舞阳县保护性耕作模式

Conservation Tillage Model Based on Soil Moisture Analysis of Winter Wheat in Wuyang County,Henan Province

保护性耕作是提高土壤蓄水保墒能力、增加作物产量的重要措施之一。长期试验监测了不同耕作层土壤含水率及冬小麦作物生长变化,分析不同土壤耕作层的水分变化对作物生长的影响,对比保护性耕作模式与传统耕作模式的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,探索了适宜河南省舞阳县秸秆覆盖还田的保护性耕作技术模式。结果表明,随着保护性耕作技术实施年份的增加,作物的生长环境及旱涝情况呈现不同效果,深松作业模式下耕深10~20 cm的土壤含水率最大,达到15.3%;对潮土的影响次之。深松免耕播种模式耕深0~10和10~20 cm的土壤含水率平均值分别为14.2%和16.1%。不同的作业模式对砂姜黑土的影响最小,作物的次生根数量大,根系发达长约12.5 cm,平均分蘖7.3个,并且个体均匀。说明实施保护性耕作的冬小麦,年限越长,土壤水分和增产效果越显著。

Conservation tillage is one of important measures to improve soil water storage and moisture retention capacity and increase crop yield.Long term experimental monitoring was conducted on soil moisture content of different cultivation layers and growth changes of winter wheat crops.Impact of water changes in different soil tillage layers on crop growth was analyzed.A comparison was made between economic,social,and ecological benefits of conservation tillage mode and traditional tillage mode.A conservation tillage technology model suitable for straw mulching and returning to field in Wuyang County,Henan Province was explored.Results showed that with increase of implementation years of conservation tillage technology,growth environment and drought/flood situation of crops showed different effects.Under deep loosening operation mode,soil moisture content was the highest at a depth from 10 to 20 cm,reaching 15.3%,impact on tidal soil was secondary.Average soil moisture content of deep loosening and no tillage sowing mode with a depth from 0 to 10 cm and from 10 to 20 cm was 14.2%and 16.1%,respectively.Different homework modes had the least impact on sand ginger black soil,with a large number of secondary roots in crops,a well-developed root system of about 12.5 cm,an average of 7.3 tillers,and uniform individuals.The longer the years of implementing conservation tillage for winter wheat,the more significant soil moisture and yield increase effect.