黄花烟传入中国问题再研究

Re-discussion on Introduction of Nicotiana Rustica into China

烟草传入问题,一直是史学界烟草史研究的重点,但以往研究主要围绕红花烟展开,黄花烟探讨存在明显不足。事实上,黄花烟亦是人们种植吸用的烟草品种之一,它的传入对当时乃至后世社会产生了深远影响。本文基于对方志、文集等文献的搜集与整理,说明崇祯年间黄花烟即已传入的可能性很大,最晚不会晚于康熙年间。传入中国主要通过走私、正常贸易及使团携传等方式,其中中亚商人、俄国私商及使团、蒙古诸部等都发挥了不同程度的积极作用。

The introduction of tobacco has always been the focus of tobacco history research,but the previous studies have mainly focused on Nicotiana tabacum,and there were obvious deficiencies in the study of Nicotiana rustica.In fact,Nicotiana rustica was also an important part of tobacco species for human planting and use,its introduction had a profound impact on the society of that time and even later generations.Based on the collection and arrangement of the annals and anthology,this paper shows that the Nicotiana rustica had already been introduced in the period Emperor Chongzhen’s reign,no later than the period of Emperor Kangxi’s reign.It was introduced into China mainly through smuggling,normal trade and the diplomatic envoys’spread.Central Asian merchants,Russian private merchants and diplomatic envoys,and the tribes of Mongolian all played an active role in varying degrees.