环境犯罪技术治理的反思及完善

Reflections and Improvements on the Technical Governance of Environmental Crime

我国高度关注环境犯罪的技术治理,先后以法律、行政法规、部门规章等形式对环境犯罪技术治理设定体系化的规范依据。在实践中,环境犯罪的技术治理具有防范“行转刑”、双面利用工具属性、密切联系物理空间、多维获取案件线索等特征。然而,治理主体人员有限,被治理对象的相关主体在逐利心理以及侥幸心理下形成的合作排斥心理,监测数据有限真实与技术手段介入下客观行为评价的错误空间,为环境犯罪技术治理带来了实践难题。为了更好地实现治理预期,首先应正视技术治理的合理定位。在运用技术手段进行环境犯罪预防时,不仅需要客观看待数据分析的辅助性能,还需要均衡因预防行为而投入的治理成本与实际获得的治理收益。其次,强化行业在线数据监管是缓解治理主体人员压力的备选方案。行业监督在促进环境监测执行的过程中充当义务执行者,而非权力共享主体,且该行为有别于企业合规。此外,为了给技术治理实施提供更好的执行环境,应该以法律规范的形式对相关活动进行约束。

China has paid great attention to the construction of the technical governance of environmental crimes,and has successively put forward requirements for the technical governance of environmental crimes in the form of laws,administrative regulations and departmental rules.In practice,the technical governance of environmental crime has the characteristics of preventing the transformation from administrative penalty to criminal penalty,utilizing the attributes of tools in a two-sided manner,closely linking the physical space,and obtaining case clues in a diversified approach.However,something has brought about practical difficulties.The number of personnel in the main body of governance indicates limited.The subjects associated with the target of governance,within the profit-seeking mentality and the psychology of fluke,refuse the cooperation.The monitoring data poses limited truth and it exists the possible error space for the evaluation of objective behavior with the intervention of technical means.In order to greatly realize the expectations of governance,the first and foremost is to face up to the appropriate positioning of technical governance.In the use of technical means for environmental crime prevention,not only objectively view the auxiliary performance of data analysis,but also balancing the cost and benefit associated with the prevention,seems needed.Secondly,strengthening industry online data supervision shows an alternative to alleviate the pressure on the personnel of governance subjects.Industry supervisor works as an obligatory enforcer rather than a power-sharing subject in facilitating the implementation of environmental monitoring.And the supervision fails to become one part of the connotations of criminal compliance.In addition,in order to provide a better enforcement environment for technology governance implementation,relevant activities should be regulated in the form of legal norms.