新时期航天器环境工程面临的挑战与机遇

Challenges and opportunities of spacecraft environment engineering in the new era

空间事业的发展对航天器环境工程提出了新挑战,同时也为该专业技术进步和领域延展提供了难得的机遇。近10年来,伴随着载人航天、深空探测等一系列重大航天工程的顺利实施,中国航天器环境工程领域在诸多方面取得了长足进步。文章回顾了中国航天器环境工程的发展历程,围绕中国空间站长期运行、深空探测新任务、低轨巨型星座建设等提出的新需求,分析了航天器环境工程将面对的挑战和必须突破的关键技术。结合具体工作内容介绍了北京卫星环境工程研究所在LEO辐射环境在轨探测与数据应用、特殊空间环境效应与防护、火星探测器特殊力热环境试验技术和航天器产品环境试验ISO标准等方面取得的最新进展。在建设航天强国的过程中,航天器环境工程必将伴随着航天器整体技术的升级实现更高水平的跃迁。

The development of the space industry presents new challenges for spacecraft environment engineering,while also provides rare opportunities for the technological progress and field extension of this specialty.Over the past decade,thanks to the successful implementation of a series of major space programs such as manned spaceflight and deep space exploration,China has made significant progress in various aspects in the field of spacecraft environment engineering.The development process of spacecraft environment engineering in China was reviewed in this paper.The challenges and the key technologies to be faced by spacecraft environment engineering under the context of new demands such as the long-term operation of China Space Station,the new deep space exploration missions,and the construction of low Earth orbit(LEO)mega-constellations were analyzed.The latest advancements made by Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering in areas including in-orbit detection and data analysis of LEO radiation environment,safeguarding against space special environmental effects,conducting specialized dynamic environment and thermal environment testing technology for Mars probes,and developing ISO standards for spacecraft environmental testing were introduced based on specific work contents.As China strives to establish itself as a space power,spacecraft environment engineering will undoubtedly achieve a higher level of transition alongside the overall upgrade of technological progress of spacecraft.