论行政法上人身自由限制的体系化

On the Systematization of Personal Freedom Restrictions in Administrative Law

基本权利除主观防御功能外,并有程序保障的功能。许多国家的人身自由限制程序便是例证,即在国家限制人身自由之前,必须先经由一定程序的履行,方可达到保护人身自由实体基本权不受侵害。当前,各部门法对于正当程序的构建极为关注。但行政法学对于行政拘留是否需要纳入听证的范畴,如何通过程序加以保障公民的基本权利探讨并不多见。可借助《治安管理处罚法》修订的契机,将行政拘留纳入听证的范围,系统梳理行政法上人身自由限制并予以体系化,进而探讨其实体与程序保障的内涵。探讨时仍有必要回归到宪法,并阐释法律保留、比例原则与正当程序的适用,使之成为统辖人身自由限制法治保障功能的基本依据。

In addition to the subjective defense function,fundamental rights also have a procedural guarantee function.Taking the procedure for restricting personal freedom in many countries for an example,before the state restricts personal freedom certain procedures must be followed in order to protect the fundamental rights of the entity of personal freedom from infringement.Currently,various departmental laws pay great attention to the construction of due process and have fully explored it.However,there are few discussions in administrative law on whether administrative detention needs to be included in the scope of hearings and how to protect citizens’basic rights through procedures.By taking advantage of the amendment of the Public Security Administration Punishments Law of the People's Republic of China,administrative detention can be included in the scope of hearings,and in order to explore the connotation of its substantive and procedural guarantees,the restrictions on personal freedom in administrative law can be systematically sorted out and systematized.When exploring,it is still necessary to return to the Constitution and explain the application of legal reservations,proportionality principles,and due process,making it the basic foundation of governing the legal protection function of personal freedom restrictions.