世行营商环境评估劳工指标解析与中国因应

The Interpretation on the World Bank's Labor Index in Business Environment Assessment and the Countermeasures of China

劳动用工是影响企业经营的重要因素。世界银行将劳工作为营商环境评估指标之一,但DB劳工指标因备受争议自DB2011后成为观察指标。2023年发布的新的营商环境评估项目B-Ready中,劳工指标又成为正式指标,其遵循灵活与安全平衡的价值理念,以ILO劳工标准作为主要依据和评分标准。我国劳动法规与B-Ready劳工指标总体较为契合,但平等、歧视和结社自由、歧视和暴力等7个子指标存在失分可能。地方政府优化营商环境工作方案中劳动相关内容并未对标B-Ready,且指标及评分标准不明确。建议如下:一是通过宣传指导、违法矫正,提高政府、企业等对B-Ready劳工指标的重视,转变他们关于劳工问题的理念;二是对可能失分的子指标,通过劳动立法、司法和执法的完善予以弥补;三是建立全国性的统筹协调机制,强化与专家以及世行的内外沟通交流,优化迎评机制。

Labor employment is a critical factor influencing business operations.The World Bank includes labor as one of the indicators in its Business Environment Assessment,but the Labor Index of DB has been controversial since DB2011,leading it to be observed rather than officially evaluated.In the new Business Environment Assessment project,Business Ready(B-Ready),launched in 2023,the Labor Index has been reinstated as an official evaluation criterion,aligning with the values of flexibility and security with ILO labor standards as its main reference and scoring criteria.The labor regulations of China generally align with B-Ready's Labor Indicators.However,there may be potential score loss in the seven sub-indicators related to equality,discrimination and freedom of association,discrimination and violence and so on.Moreover,China's local government initiatives for optimizing the business environment lack alignment with B-Ready in terms of labor-related content,and the indicators and scoring criteria are not clearly defined.The following countermeasures are proposed:first,increase the government's and businesses'focus on B-Ready's Labor Indicators and shift their perspectives on labor issues through advocacy,guidance and legal corrections;second,address potential score loss in the sub-indicators through improvements in labor legislation,judiciary,and law enforcement;third,establish a national coordination mechanism to enhance communication and collaboration with experts and the World Bank,optimizing the assessment mechanism.