我国社会信用体系建设的功能定位及其边界

The Functional Orientation and Boundaries of China’s Social Credit System Construction

与国外社会信用体系局限于经济领域与交易信用不同,我国社会信用体系建设的功能拓展面临较大争议。无论是对社会诚信概念与资源配置风险的广义解释,还是突破社会诚信内涵提出的“强化法律实施论”,都不能澄清为何要将既往的违法行为界定为失信并施加额外的信用惩戒。我国社会信用体系建设的功能应当定位于支持市场化的信用机制、优化法律实施与强化法律实施,排除道德强制,并明确各自功能发挥的边界。借助公共信用来支持市场化的信用机制,应当发挥信息共享机制,防止通过信用评价、惩戒强制干预私人自治。通过社会信用体系建设优化法律实施,既要避免僭越法定的行政自主空间,又要维护信用机制的有效性。通过社会信用体系建设强化法律实施,应当遵循违法责任优先原则与必要性原则。

In contrast to the foreign social credit systems that are limited to the economic field and transaction credit,the functional expansion of Chinas social credit system construction faces greater controversyNeither the broad interpretation of the concept of social credit and the risk of resource allocation,nor the“reinforced law implementation theory”,can clarify why previous violations of the law should be defined as breaches of credibility and additional credit punishment should be imposedThe functions of Chinas social credit system construction should be positioned to support market-oriented credit mechanisms,optimize and reinforce the implementation of the law,exclude moral coercion,and clarify the boundaries of their respective functionsBy utilizing public credit to support market-oriented credit mechanism,information sharing mechanisms should be utilized and forced intervention in private autonomy through credit evaluation and punishment should be preventedTo optimize the implementation of the law through the integration of credit,not only the encroachment on the statutory administrative autonomy should be avoided,but also preserving the validity of the credit mechanismTo reinforce the implementation of the law through the social credit system construction should be guided by the principles of priority of illegal liability and necessity.