迈向回应型治理:街镇综合执法改革的法治化研究

Towards Responsive Governance:a Study on the Rule of Law of Comprehensive Law Enforcement Reform in Subdistricts and Towns

2021年《行政处罚法》通过实体条件和程序规定将处罚权下移至街镇后,街镇综合执法应走向法治化改革。然而当前改革中却存在“陷入压力型治理困境”和“走向自主型治理极端”两种实践误区。街镇综合执法改革应当迈向回应型治理,要求街镇因地制宜地配置执法权,建立优化协同高效的横向关系,通过纵向监督改进综合执法方式。结合地方已有的立法和实践经验,改革应践行“赋权式”执法模式,五权一体的权限构成和差异化的赋权清单将是执法权配置的出路。党政嵌入的协调领导、县级政府部门的协调指导、其他执法派出机构的协助配合将构成重要的横向关系。法制监督和平台监督两种纵向监督模式,辅之以问责与激励,是改革成效落地的关键。

After the new Administrative Punishment Law has transferred the punishment power to subdistricts and towns through substantive conditions and procedural provisions,the comprehensive law enforcement in subdistricts towns should move towards the reform of rule of law.However,there are two practical mistakes in the current reform:“falling into the dilemma of pressure governance”and“going to the extreme of independent governance”.The reform of comprehensive law enforcement in subdistricts and towns should move towards responsive governance,requiring street towns to allocate law enforcement powers according to local conditions,establish a horizontal relationship of optimization,coordination and efficiency,and improve comprehensive law enforcement through vertical supervision.In combination with the existing local legislation and practical experience,the reform should practice the“empowerment”law enforcement mode,and the five powers in one authority structure and differentiated empowerment list will be the path of the allocation of law enforcement power.The coordination and leadership of the party and government,the coordination and guidance of the county-level government departments,and the assistance and cooperation of other law enforcement agencies will form an important horizontal relationship.The two vertical supervision modes of legal supervision and platform supervision,supplemented by accountability and incentives,are the keys to achieve effectiveness of the reform.