司法解释进入行政执法的理论逻辑

The Theoretical Logic of Judicial Interpretation’s Entering Administrative Law Enforcement

相较于在司法系统内部的权威性地位,司法解释对于行政执法的效力尚不明确。针对我国现行法律解释体制以法律解释权力的配置为中心的现状,在司法解释能否进入行政执法的问题上,理论上存在基于法律解释工作安排的权力分工障碍、基于专业知识储备的权力能力障碍和基于权力配置原则的权力性质障碍。通过对实践中行政机关自发援引司法解释现象的经验分析,只有权力性质障碍构成司法解释进入行政执法的真正阻碍。确定司法解释外部效力之范围和强度的前提,是在功能主义的国家权力配置原则下重构司法解释权和行政解释权之间的关系。依据法律解释体制提供统一法律指引的功能目标和社会主义法律传统对国家机构间关系的定位,在现行法律解释体制下,司法解释权和行政解释权之间应当形成一种对等结构,在这种权力结构中,司法解释具有一定程度的外部效力。司法解释虽然不构成行政执法的直接依据,但对行政机关具有可反驳的规范性拘束力。

Compared with its authoritative position in the judicial system,the effect of judicial interpretation on administrative law enforcement is still unclear.In view of the current situation that Chinas existing legal interpretation system centers on the allocation of legal interpretation power,there are the barrier relating to the division of power based on the working arrangement of legal interpretation,the barrier relating to the capacity of power based on the professional knowledge,and the barrier relating to the nature of power based on the principle of power allocation in theory,in terms of whether judicial interpretation could enter administrative law enforcement.Through the empirical analysis of the phenomenon that administrative organs spontaneously cite judicial interpretation in practice,only the barrier relating to the nature of power constitutes the real obstacle for judicial interpretation to enter administrative law enforcement.The premise of determining the scope and intensity of the external effect of judicial interpretation is to reconstruct the relationship between the power of judicial interpretation and the power of administrative interpretation under the principle of state power allocation in functionalism.According to the function goal of legal interpretation system to provide unified legal guidance and the orientation of socialist legal tradition to the relationship between state institutions,under the current legal interpretation system,a peer-to-peer structure should be formed between judicial interpretation power and administrative interpretation power,in which judicial interpretation has a certain degree of external effect.Although judicial interpretation does not constitute the direct basis of administrative law enforcement,it has a disputable normative binding force on administrative organs.