学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的家庭环境影响因素及对策研究

A study of family environment influences and countermeasures on preschool children’s screen exposure

为探究家庭环境影响因素,特别是亲子陪伴与父母对儿童使用电子设备的认知态度对学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的影响,文章收集常州市新北区5812名3~6岁儿童的健康监测数据进行统计学分析。结果发现,学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露现象较普遍,平均屏幕暴露时长≥1小时/天的儿童共1861人(32.0%);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制年龄、性别、家庭收入、家庭结构等因素后,儿童使用电子设备的数量、父母对儿童使用电子设备的支持态度、亲子陪伴时长、亲子互动时电子设备使用情况、对儿童漠不关心均为学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露的危险因素(OR值分别为1.08、2.30、1.04、1.21、1.26,P均<0.05)。家庭环境因素对学龄前儿童屏幕暴露有显著影响,在家庭养育层面上,应更多关注亲子陪伴并加强父母对儿童使用电子设备的认知态度,为有效降低学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露发挥积极作用。

To explore the influencing factors of family environment,especially parent⁃child companionship and parental attitudes toward screen exposure on preschool children in Changzhou,this study collected health surveillance data of 5812 children aged 3 to 6 years old in Xinbei District of Changzhou City for statistical analysis.The results revealed that a significant proportion of preschool children in Changzhou,with 1861(32.0%)were exposed to screens for an average of at least one hour per day.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of electronic devices used by children,parents’supportive attitudes toward children’s use of electronic devices,the duration of parent⁃child companionship,electronic device use during parent⁃child interactions,and parental indifference to children were all risk factors for excessive screen exposure in preschool children(OR=1.08,2.30,1.04,1.21,1.26,all P<0.05)after controlling for age,gender,family income,and family structure factor.Family environmental factors had a significant impact on screen exposure in preschool children.Thus,to effectively reduce excessive screen exposure in preschool children,it is crucial for families to prioritize parent⁃child companionship and for parents to maintain awareness and attitudes toward their children’s screen time.