涉侨政策承诺不作为的法律识别与司法救济

Legal Identification and Judicial Relief of Non-action of Overseas Chinese Related Policy Commitment

《外商投资法》的出台使政策承诺完成了由政策向法律的转化过程并为定居国外的华侨留有适用空间。从学理上讲,政策承诺是指行政主体为实现一定行政管理目标,而依职权向不特定外商投资者或华侨作出单方书面承诺,若承诺条件成立则由其妥善履行承诺义务的行政行为。其内涵呈现出由抽象到具体的双层逻辑结构,并贯穿于不作为认定与司法救济的全部过程。其中,涉侨政策承诺不作为的成立需满足行政主体对华侨负有履诺义务、行政主体对华侨具有履诺能力、行政主体未对华侨妥当履诺三大要件。当华侨以不同诉请寻求救济时,法院应按照“谁主张、谁举证”的原则妥善分配举证责任,并结合要件内容依次对政策承诺的作出行为、华侨对此的“响应行为”和行政主体的履诺行为进行审查,最终依审查结果作出履行判决、确认判决、撤销判决、变更判决或驳回判决。

to concrete,and runs through the whole process of omission identification and judicial relief.Among them,the omission of the policy commitment related to overseas Chinese should meet the following requirements:the administrative subject has an obligation for overseas Chinese,the administrative subject has the ability to fulfill the obligation and the administrative subject fails to fulfllthe obligation properly.When overseas Chinese sue to forum,the court should adopt the principle of"who claims,who proof"and properly allocate the burden of proof,and then censor the process of policy commitment making,the"response behavior"of overseas Chinese and the perform behavior of administrative subject in file.Finally,according to review results,the court should make performing judgment,confirming judgment,revocatory judgment,reversal judgment or dismissing judgment respectively.