不同跑步着地习惯对跟腱形态学及其负荷特征的影响

Effects of Different Habitual Foot Strike Patterns During Running on Achilles Tendon Morphology and Mechanical Loading

目的 探究不同着地模式对跟腱形态学和负荷特征的影响。方法 招募习惯后跟着地跑者和习惯前掌着地跑者各14人,利用超声医学影像仪采集受试者的跟腱形态学特征(跟腱长度、横截面积、厚度);利用三维测力跑台采集并计算受试者穿着缓冲跑鞋以10 km/h速度跑步时的跟腱负荷特征(跖屈力矩、跟腱力、负载率、冲量、应力等)。结果 与习惯后跟着地跑者相比,习惯前掌着地跑者踝关节跖屈力矩峰值、跟腱力峰值、平均负载率、峰值负载率均显著增加(P<0.05),但两组跑者跟腱长度、跟腱横截面积和跟腱厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 长期的前掌着地模式可以适应性地提高跟腱在重复性的“拉长-收缩”循环刺激中的力学特性。

Objective To investigate the effects of different foot strike patterns during running on Achilles tendon(AT) morphology and mechanical loading.Methods Fourteen habitual rearfoot strike runners and 14 habitual forefoot strike runners were recruited.Morphological characteristics(tendon length,cross-sectional area,and thickness) of the AT were collected using ultrasound imaging.The AT loading characteristics(plantar flexion moment,tendon force,load rate,impulse,and stress) of subjects wearing cushioned running shoes while running at a speed of 10 km/h were collected and calculated using a three-dimensional force measurement treadmill.Results Compared to habitual rearfoot strike runners,habitual forefoot strike runners showed a significant increase in peak plantar flexion moment of ankle joint,AT peak force,average loading rate,and peak loading rate(P<0.05).However,the differences in AT length,cross-sectional area,and thickness between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Long-term forefoot strike patterns can adaptively enhance the mechanical loading characteristics of the AT during repetitive stretch-shortening cycles.