基于扎根理论的硕士生就业难问题形成机制分析

Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Employment Difficulties of Master Students Based on Grounded Theoretical Methods

硕士生就业难现象是当前社会需要关注的重要问题。运用扎根理论方法,对16名硕士生的访谈资料进行编码分析,发现高等教育发展与产业结构升级、人才培养方向与就业岗位需求、人力资本与社会资本之间的矛盾交织是硕士生就业难问题的形成机制。而这又通过就业率将就业压力转移到高校,加剧培养单位和硕士生的就业焦虑。加之硕士生社会资本的过度参与降低人力资本的效能,扰乱了就业市场,导致就业难问题的恶化。基于此,“升级产业内部结构,适应高层次人才就业需求”“优化专业课程设置,注重多元发展型硕士生培养”“正视慢就业的现实,持续提供精准的服务信息”“树立正确的就业观,减少社会资本的过度参与”等可成为破解硕士生就业难问题的路径。

The difficulty of employment of master's students is an important issue that needs to be paid attention to in the current society.Using the grounded theoretical method,the interview data of 16 master's students were coded and analyzed,and it revealed that the contradictions between higher education developmentand industrial structure upgrading,talent training direction and job de-mand,and human capital and social capital were the main factors contributing to master's employment difficulties.This,in turn,transfers employment pressure to colleges and universities through the employment rate,exacerbating the employment anxiety among training units and master's students.Furthermore,the excessive participation of social capital of master's students reduces the effec-tiveness of human capital,disrupting the job market,and worsening the problem of employment difficulties.Based on this,it is vital to upgrade the internal structure of the industry to cater for the needs of high-level talents.In addition,optimizing professional curricu-lum and offering diversified and developmental master's training is key.It is also essential to face up to the reality of slow employment and consistently provide accurate service information.And it is crucial to establish a correct view of employment and reduce excessive participation of social capital.