珠三角典型河道49种抗生素污染现状及风险评估

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of 49 Classes of Antibiotics in Typical River in Pearl River Delta

为评估抗生素在珠三角地表水中的生态及健康风险,在石岐河布设20个监测点位,分别采集丰水期和枯水期样品,用固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-质谱法对4大类共49种抗生素进行检测。结果显示,在丰水期和枯水期样品中共检出抗生素30种,检出种类和抗生素总浓度都呈现出枯水期明显大于丰水期的现象。从总量上看,喹诺酮类是影响石岐河生态环境安全的主要抗生素类别。石岐河抗生素浓度在枯水期主要受污水处理设施出水的影响,在丰水期主要受沿岸养殖业排水的影响。采用风险熵法对生态风险进行评估,发现枯水期生态风险高于丰水期,头孢匹啉、克林霉素、诺氟沙星3种抗生素处于高生态风险级别,罗红霉素、磺胺二甲异恶唑和奥索利酸3种抗生素处于中等生态风险级别,另有4种抗生素处于低生态风险级别,应引起重视。采用健康风险评价模型对人群健康风险进行评价,发现石岐河抗生素致癌风险和非致癌风险皆处于可接受的健康风险范围内。

To evaluate ecological and health risk of antibiotics in surfacewater in Pearl River Delta,twenty sampling sites were set up on Shiqi River to collect samples in wet and dry season separately,and 49 antibiotics belonging to four categories were investigated via solid phase extraction/ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that 30 antibiotics were detected in the aggregate.The seasonal changing pattern showed that the contamination situation in dry season was worse than in wet season,in the aspect of total concentration and the amount of detected antibiotics.Generally speaking,quinolones were the main antibiotic pollutants in Shiqi River.Discharge water from sewage treatment facilities was inferred to be a major factor affecting the ecological environment in Shiqi River in dry season,while aquaculture industries were the major factor in wet season.The ecological risk of antibiotics in Shiqi River was assessed by risk quotients,indicating the ecological risk of dry season was higher than that of wet season.Three antibiotics including cefpirin,clindamycin and norfloxacin were at high ecological risk;three antibiotics including roxithromycin,sulfisoxazole and oxolinic acid were at medium ecological risk,while another four antibiotics were at low ecological risk.The human health risk of antibiotics in Shiqi River was evaluated by the health risk assessment model,showing the result that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of antibiotics in Shiqi River were both within the acceptable health risk range.